How Network Externalities Can Exacerbate Intergroup Inequality

DiMaggio, Paul; Garip, Filiz

doi:10.1086/659653

Cited by 180 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…This could mean that homophily has some normative content, by discouraging less legitimate behaviours. This is supported by the finding that homophily is slightly more protective for women than for men, a finding consistent with acculturation studies that show that women are more likely to drink when they become acculturated, compared with men (Lara et al, 2005).These results may, moreover, be consistent with the theory of complex contagion, which suggests that homophily affects inequality in relation to behaviour that is more illegitimate (Dimaggio & Garip, 2011): the more illegitimate a behaviour, the more it relies on strongly-knitted groups to be maintained and learned, as evidenced by the landmark study by Horward Becker (Becker, 1997).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 72%

A social network analysis of substance use among immigrant adolescents in six European cities

Lorant

Rojas

Bécares

et al. 2016

Social Science & Medicine

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Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 72%

A social network analysis of substance use among immigrant adolescents in six European cities

Lorant

Rojas

Bécares

et al. 2016

Social Science & Medicine

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“…In such a case, our findings may inform future work on the role of social networks in the recruitment of whole-body donors. The characteristics that distinguish the two donor groups we describe above (e.g., gender, migration status, and educational attainment) are those that also stratify social networks (DiMaggio & Garip, 2011). In particular, homophily -the tendency of persons to form networks with socioeconomically and demographically similar peers -suggests that more targeted recruitment efforts customized to these groups would create faster diffusion through social networks and lead to higher rates of adoption of the practice (i.e., donation) (Centola, 2011;see DiMaggio & Garip, 2012 for a review).…”

Section: Can Social Network Help?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Who donates their bodies to science? The combined role of gender and migration status among California whole-body donors

Asad¹,

Anteby²,

Garip³

2014

Social Science & Medicine

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The number of human cadavers available for medical research and training, as well as organ transplantation, is limited. Researchers disagree about how to increase the number of whole-body bequeathals, citing a shortage of donations from the one group perceived as most likely to donate from attitudinal survey data -educated white males over 65. This focus on survey data, however, suffers from two main limitations: First, it reveals little about individuals' actual registration or donation behavior. Second, past studies' reliance on average survey measures may have concealed variation within the donor population. To address this limitation, we employ cluster analysis on all whole-body donors' data from the Universities of California at Davis, Irvine, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. Two donor groups emerge from the analyses: One is made of slightly younger, educated, married individuals, an overwhelming portion of whom are U.S.-born and have U.S.-born parents, while the second includes mostly older, separated women with some college education, a relatively higher share of whom are foreign-born and have foreign-born parents. Our results demonstrate the presence of additional donor groups within and beyond the group of educated and elderly white males previously assumed to be most likely to donate. More broadly, our results suggest how the intersectional nature of donors' demographics -in particular, gender and migration status -shapes the configuration of the donor pool, signaling new ways to possibly increase donations.

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“…This lack of consensus about the mechanisms of influence-ubiquitous in the network effects literature at large-created ambiguity in the interpretation of results and prevented the synthesis of existing knowledge (DiMaggio and Garip 2012b). We resolve this ambiguity by organizing the findings in the migration literature around a typology developed by DiMaggio and Garip (2012a), which identifies three social mechanisms-social facilitation, normative influence, and network externalities-that lead to network effects.…”

Section: Network Effects On Migration: a Typologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Stark and Taylor 1991;Stark, Taylor and Yitzhaki 1988). Studies also have found that more proximate ties exert more influence on migration decisions that involve dangerous border crossing or uncertain prospects in destination (Curran et al 2005;Curran and RiveroFuentes 2003;Davis, Stecklov and Winters 2002;DiMaggio and Garip 2011;Palloni et al 2001). …”

Section: Social Facilitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We then analyze qualitative data from more than 138 in-depth interviews with migrants and their family members in Mexico to adjudicate among the different social mechanisms that lead to interdependencies in individuals' migration choices. We adopt an exhaustive typology suggested by DiMaggio and Garip (2012a) and consider three mechanisms-social facilitation, normative influence, and network externalities-by which social ties shape migration decisions. We thus capitalize on the strength of quantitative data for establishing and generalizing the presence of network effects in migration, as well as the strength of qualitative data for identifying the generative processes for these effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Network Effects in Mexico–U.S. Migration

Garip

Asad

2016

American Behavioral Scientist

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Scholars have long noted how migration streams, once initiated, obtain a self-feeding character. Studies have connected this phenomenon, called the cumulative causation of migration, to expanding social networks that link migrants in destination to individuals in origin. While extant research has established a positive association between individuals’ ties to prior migrants and their migration propensities, seldom have researchers interrogated how multiple social mechanisms—as well as exposure to common environmental factors—might account for these interdependencies. This article uses a mixed-methods strategy to identify the social mechanisms underlying the network effects in Mexico–U.S. migration. Three types of social mechanisms are identified, which all lead to network effects: (a) social facilitation, which is at work when network peers such as family or community members provide useful information or help that reduces the costs or increases the benefits of migration; (b) normative influence, which operates when network peers offer social rewards or impose sanctions to encourage or discourage migration; and (c) network externalities, which are at work when prior migrants generate a pool of common resources that increase the value or reduce the costs of migration for potential migrants. The authors first use large-sample survey data from the Mexican Migration Project to establish the presence of network effects and then rely on 138 in-depth interviews with migrants and their family members in Mexico to identify the social mechanisms underlying these network effects. The authors thus provide a deeper understanding of migration as a social process, which they argue is crucial for anticipating and responding to future flows.

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How Network Externalities Can Exacerbate Intergroup Inequality

Cited by 180 publications

References 55 publications

A social network analysis of substance use among immigrant adolescents in six European cities

A social network analysis of substance use among immigrant adolescents in six European cities

Who donates their bodies to science? The combined role of gender and migration status among California whole-body donors

Network Effects in Mexico–U.S. Migration

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