2016
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw2522
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How multiple supernovae overlap to form superbubbles

Abstract: We explore the formation of superbubbles through energy deposition by multiple supernovae (SNe) in a uniform medium. We use total energy conserving, 3-D hydrodynamic simulations to study how SNe correlated in space and time create superbubbles. While isolated SNe fizzle out completely by ∼ 1 Myr due to radiative losses, for a realistic cluster size it is likely that subsequent SNe go off within the hot/dilute bubble and sustain the shock till the cluster lifetime. For realistic cluster sizes, we find that the … Show more

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Cited by 79 publications
(64 citation statements)
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“…At face value, the implied SFE is high, on the order of 0.5, as seen in similar objects. In the extremely young, high-density star-forming conditions for Mrk 71-A, energy-driven feedback will be suppressed by strong, radiative cooling (e.g., Silich et al 2007;Krause & Diehl 2014;Yadav et al 2017). The presence of a massive, compact, molecular cloud cospatial with the SSC is fully consistent with this expectation, and we quantitatively demonstrate that any mechanical feedback from the SSC must be momentum-driven.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 73%
“…At face value, the implied SFE is high, on the order of 0.5, as seen in similar objects. In the extremely young, high-density star-forming conditions for Mrk 71-A, energy-driven feedback will be suppressed by strong, radiative cooling (e.g., Silich et al 2007;Krause & Diehl 2014;Yadav et al 2017). The presence of a massive, compact, molecular cloud cospatial with the SSC is fully consistent with this expectation, and we quantitatively demonstrate that any mechanical feedback from the SSC must be momentum-driven.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 73%
“…This is not a small effect: for example, Gentry et al (2017) survey a large parameter space of supernova number, metallicity, and ISM density using 1D simulations, and find that, if there is negligible mixing across the interface, a SNR driven by a cluster of 10 SNe will on average inject ≈ 10 times as much radial momentum per SN (i.e., about 3 × 10 6 M km s −1 per SN instead of 3 × 10 5 ) as a SNR driven by a single star. Sharma et al (2014) and Yadav et al (2017) find similarlylarge enhancements from clustering in their 3D simulations of a smaller parameter space. Averaging of the star cluster mass function, Gentry et al (2017) find a net increase in momentum yield per SN of a factor of ≈ 4 compared to the commonly-adopted value.…”
Section: Supernovae Winds and Interface Mixingmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…The correlated supernovae resulting from the explosion of these stars can form even larger bubbles due to the combined effects of the winds and supernova explosions. The aptly named superbubbles [56,57,58] rearrange the morphology and physical characteristics of the surrounding ISM. Heiles (1979, [29]) defines bubbles with injected energies greater than 3 × 10 52 ergs as supershells or superbubbles.…”
Section: Bubbles and Superbubblesmentioning
confidence: 99%