How Much Serotonin in the CNS is Too Much?

Tao, Rui; Ma, Zhiyuan

doi:10.5772/34886

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…; Tao et al . ; Tao and Ma ). A small elevation of extracellular 5HT [e.g., one to fivefold; (Rutter and Auerbach ; Kirby and Lucki )] could be therapeutic for mental disorders such as depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Our data obtained from CLG+5HTP and CLG+PRX studies showed that symptoms (i.e., head shakes and myoclonus) of the syndrome were not elicited unless extracellular brain 5HT was markedly elevated to at least 10‐fold above baseline, consistent with previous studies (Zhang et al . ; Tao and Ma ). To our surprise, no symptom was detected in rats treated with 2 mg/kg MDMA even though there was a 10‐fold increase in 5HT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Role of extracellular brain 5HT in the development of serotonin syndrome Although the normal range of extracellular 5HT in the human brain is not certain, pre-clinical studies on rats have demonstrated that 5HT in the cerebrospinal fluid is constantly at a low nanomolar to subnanomolar level (Adell et al 1991;Tao et al 2000;Tao and Ma 2012). A small elevation of extracellular 5HT [e.g., one to fivefold; (Rutter and Auerbach 1993;Kirby and Lucki 1997)] could be therapeutic for mental disorders such as depression.…”

Section: Changes In Eeg Activity In Serotonin Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of electroencephalographic and biochemical responses at 5‐HT promoting drug‐induced onset of serotonin syndrome in rats

Rudacille

Prentice

et al. 2013

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Many psychotropic substances used either for medications or illicit recreational purposes are able to produce an increase in extracellular serotonin (5HT) in the CNS. 5HT is well known to improve mood, however, only when the levels of its release are in an appropriate range. Excessive 5HT is harmful, and will generally result in serotonin syndrome. To date, clinical diagnosis of serotonin syndrome relies exclusively on observation of symptoms because of a lack of available laboratory tests. The goal of the present study was to characterize the onset of the syndrome using laboratory settings to determine excessive 5HT-evoked neurological abnormalities. Experiments were carried out in rats with the syndrome being elicited by three groups of 5HT-promoting drugs: 1) (±)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA); 2) a combination of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor clorgyline with the 5HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan; 3) clorgyline combined with the serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor paroxetine. The onset of the syndrome was characterized by electroencephalography (EEG), tremor and brain/plasma 5HT tests. We found that a mild syndrome was associated with reduced EEG amplitudes while a severe syndrome strongly with seizure-like EEG activity and increased tremor activity. The occurrence of the syndrome was confirmed with microdialysis, showing excessive 5HT efflux in brain dialysate and the increased concentration of unbound 5HT in the plasma. Our findings suggest that the syndrome onset can be revealed with EEG recording, measurements of tremor activity and changes of unbound 5HT concentration in the plasma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Changes In Eeg Activity In Serotonin Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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