How much is too much? Threshold dose distributions for 5 food allergens

Ballmer‐Weber, Barbara; Fernández‐Rivas, Montserrat; Beyer, Kirsten; Defernez, Marianne; Sperrin, Matthew; Mackie, Alan; Salt, Louise J.; Hourihane, Jonathan; Asero, Riccardo; Bělohlávková, Simona; Kowalski, Marek L.; Blay, F. De; Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.; Clausen, Michael; Knulst, André C.; Roberts, Graham; Popov, Todor A.; Sprikkelman, A. B.; Dubakiene, R.; Vieths, Stefan; Ree, Ronald van; Crevel, René; Mills, E. N. Clare

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.047

Cited by 154 publications

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“…Furthermore, in South Africa, the cultivation or consumption of a variety of the P. vulgaris beans by importation has been prohibited because of the potential toxicity caused by lectins [8]. But, black turtle bean (P. vulgaris L.) related allergies are still lacking definitive cure [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico Identification and in Vitro Analysis of B and T-Cell Epitopes of the Black Turtle Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Lectin

Zhao

Elfalleh

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: The incidence of lectin allergic disease is increasing in recent decades, and definitive treatment is still lacking. Identification of B and T-cell epitopes of allergen will be useful in understanding the allergen antibody responses as well as aiding in the development of new diagnostics and therapy regimens for lectin poisoning. In the current study, we mainly addressed these questions. Methods: Three-dimensional structure of the lectin from black turtle bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was modeled using the structural template of Phytohemagglutinin from P. vulgaris (PHA-E, PDB ID: 3wcs.1.A) with high identity. The B and T-cell epitopes were screened and identified by immunoinformatics and subsequently validated by ELISA, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine profile analyses. Results: Seven potential B-cell epitopes (B1 to B7) were identified by sequence and structure based methods, while three T-cell epitopes (T1 to T3) were identified by the predictions of binding score and inhibitory concentration. The epitope peptides were synthesized. Significant IgE binding capability was found in B-cell epitopes (B2, B5, B6 and B7) and T2 (a cryptic B-cell epitope). T1 and T2 induced significant lymphoproliferation, and the release of IL-4 and IL-5 cytokine confirmed the validity of T-cell epitope prediction. Abundant hydrophobic amino acids were found in B-cell epitope and T-cell epitope regions by amino acid analysis. Positively charged amino acids, such as His residue, might be more favored for B-cell epitope. Conclusion: The present approach can be applied for the identification of epitopes in novel allergen proteins and thus for designing diagnostics and therapies in lectin allergy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico Identification and in Vitro Analysis of B and T-Cell Epitopes of the Black Turtle Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Lectin

Zhao

Elfalleh

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…Adolescent and adult patients, however, mainly acquire food allergy via primary sensitization to inhalant allergens on the basis of cross-reactivity between proteins in inhalant sources and in food. This type of food allergy is frequently mediated by sensitization to broadly represented allergens, or so-called panallergens (type 2) [3,[23][24][25]. In this group of reactions, the presence of IgE antibodies cannot be demonstrated by conventional methods.…”

Section: Foods Involvedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doing the Food Allergy Diagnosis

Alej¹,

MedinaHern²,

ez³

et al. 2017

Otolaryngol (Sunnyvale)

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Most people can eat a variety of foods without problems. However, in a small percentage of the population, certain foods can cause adverse reactions, from which the origin should be investigated: Perhaps food poisoning, a psychological aversion to a food, an intolerance to an ingredient in a meal or a true food allergy. Diagnosis of food allergy requires a combination of a detailed medical history, laboratory data and in many cases, an oral food challenge, which is confirmatory of either tolerance or an adverse food reaction (allergy or non-allergic). The cornerstone of food allergy management is the elimination of the allergen involved, however the allergen elimination process could predispose patients, especially children to inadequate diets and cause nutritional deficiencies thus eliminating diets should be done in the most specific way possible. Keywords: Food allergy, Allergy; Patient; Children DefinitionAdverse reactions to food may be due to intolerance, toxicity or immunological mechanisms. Food allergy is defined as an adverse immune response that occurs reproducibly on exposure to a given food. This is different from food intolerance, which refers to a nonimmunological adverse reaction to food [1][2][3][4]. Food allergy is the result of an immune response, which may be mediated by IgE (type I) and non-IgE mediated (type II, III, IV or mixed hypersensitivity); and which occurs by sensitization to food allergens [5][6][7][8]. Food Allergy EpidemiologyFood allergy is common, in developed countries, the prevalence of food allergy has increased over the last two or three decades, with no universal theory to explain this phenomenon and no interventions appear to curtail a similar increase in developing countries. The prevalence of food allergy seems to vary greatly with age. Currently estimated to affect between 2 and 8% of the world's population. The prevalence of food allergy is highest in infants and toddlers; affecting 6% to 8% of children and can be both life-impacting and lifethreatening [1][2][3]8,9].2.5% of infants suffer from milk allergy and up to 10% of 1-yearolds suffer from allergies to food, including cow's milk, egg, nuts, soya, wheat and fish/shellfish [2,10]. Some children may "outgrow" their symptoms of allergy, but for others, the food allergies may be lifelong. Because reported cases increase each year, food allergy should be considered a public health problem. In fact, some authors have described it as "the second wave" of the allergic epidemic [8].Cross-reactivity between different species of foods in allergic patients is also common. Dietary avoidance is currently the most essential component in the management of food allergy. However, it may not be beneficial for children during periods of active growth, as it can limit their intake of nutrients from different foods. Conflicting information regarding cross-reactivity often leads to an inconsistent understanding of food allergies among physicians and other health care givers which lead to disparate recommendations and confusion...

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“…66,67 In principle, the care of such patients may eventually be improved by combining better labeling of food, to describe the amounts of allergens actually present, with appropriately cautious testing of patients to establish their individual thresholds of clinical responsiveness to their offending food allergens, since these thresholds can vary by orders of magnitude in individual subjects. 66,67 However, because the levels of food allergen exposure required to induce clinical reactions can be lower in subjects with viral infections, during exercise, after alcohol consumption or for reasons that may not be entirely clear, 66,68,69 it will be challenging to develop an approach to advise patients how to use safely information about their food allergen thresholds that is based on determining such thresholds under "baseline" conditions. Allergen "thresholds" also may change due to the natural evolution of the disorder, e.g., in those children who "outgrow" their allergies, and it will be helpful to have better approaches for determining when it is safe for such subjects to stop avoiding allergens to which they are no longer clinically reactive.…”

Section: Preventing Exacerbation Of Existing Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Toward precision medicine and health: Opportunities and challenges in allergic diseases

2016

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Abstract"Precision Medicine" (also called "Personalized", "Stratified" or "P4" Medicine) can be defined as the tailoring of preventive measures and medical treatments to the characteristics of each patient to obtain the best clinical outcome for each person while, ideally, also enhancing the costeffectiveness of such interventions for individuals and society. Clearly, the "best clinical outcome" in allergic diseases is not to get them in the first place. To emphasize the importance of disease prevention, a critical component of Precision Medicine can be referred to as "Precision Health", defined herein as the use of all available information pertaining to specific individuals (including family history, individual genetic and other biometric information, and exposures to risk factors for developing or exacerbating disease), as well as features of their environments, to sustain and enhance health and prevent the development of disease. In this article, I will provide a personal perspective on how the "Precision Health-Precision Medicine" approach can be applied to the related goals of preventing the development of allergic disorders and providing the most effective diagnosis, "disease monitoring", and care for those who suffer from these prevalent diseases. I will also mention some of the existing and potential challenges to achieving these ambitious goals.

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How much is too much? Threshold dose distributions for 5 food allergens

Cited by 154 publications

References 30 publications

In Silico Identification and in Vitro Analysis of B and T-Cell Epitopes of the Black Turtle Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Lectin

In Silico Identification and in Vitro Analysis of B and T-Cell Epitopes of the Black Turtle Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Lectin

Doing the Food Allergy Diagnosis

Toward precision medicine and health: Opportunities and challenges in allergic diseases

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