How Much Does an e-Vote Cost? Cost Comparison per Vote in Multichannel Elections in Estonia

Krimmer, Robert; Dueñas-Cid, David; Krivonosova, Iuliia; Vinkel, Priit; Koitmae, Arne

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00419-4_8

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

Section: Why This Working Paper? a Code Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main idea behind CoDE is to provide a useful methodology for calculating the electoral costs using Business Process Reengineering and Time Driven Activity Based Costing methods [13,14,17]. Following this, the next step in the development of our case study will be observation of the electoral process per se, in October 2019, in order to develop the methodology for calculating Electoral Costs [13]. Our calculation methods consist of a set of steps which can be summarized as 1) Modelling the electoral process; 2) Creating the list of activities necessary for conducting the elections and distributing them according to the voting channel to which they apply; 3) Identifying the resource pools and costs assigned; 4) Attributing costs to the activities detected; 5) Calculating the practical capacity of resources; 6) Dividing the total cost per activity by the practical capacities; 7) Calculating the total cost per vote cast for all the activities considered; and 8) Comparing the costs per vote cast for each of the different voting channels.…”

Section: Why This Working Paper? a Code Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding our expectations for the CoDE project case study, it is worth remembering that that our aim is to provide a useful methodology for calculating the election costs [12,13,14,17]. The core of the project is rooted in the idea that the decision to introduce a new voting channel adds new layers of complexity and financial pressure to electoral management bodies.…”

Section: Final Remarks and Expectations For The Code Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nordic Pioneers: facing the first use of Internet Voting in the Åland Islands (Parliamentary Elections 2019)

Krimmer¹,

Dueñas-Cid²,

Krivonosova³

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Åland Islands will use Internet Voting for the first time for expatriate voters at the next Parliamentary Elections, to be held in October 2019. This electoral modernization is a response to the need detected to introduce changes in order to better integrate expatriate voters and the younger generations into the electoral system, and represents a first step towards fully introducing i-Voting in future elections. This working paper provides a frame-work for the Ålandic electoral system for further analysis of the costs involved to introduce new voting channels following the CoDE Project methodology.

show abstract

Section: Why This Working Paper? a Code Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Why This Working Paper? a Code Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Final Remarks and Expectations For The Code Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nordic Pioneers: facing the first use of Internet Voting in the Åland Islands (Parliamentary Elections 2019)

Krimmer¹,

Dueñas-Cid²,

Krivonosova³

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…F urthermore, i mmutable P ublic Bulletin Boards (PBB) offer a transparent audit trail of the voting process. REV requires less physical labor at different stages of the voting process and infrastructure [33], if designed securely and correctly, it allows for tallying results faster, in contrast to traditional, paper-based voting systems. REV reduces the threat events of traditional remote voting systems (e.g., potential threat events emerging during tallying, or the manipulation of votes sent by postal mail [31]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Æternum: A Decentralized Voting System with Unconditional Privacy

Killer

Knecht

Müller

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

is crucial to protect BP against present and future adversaries, thus, not relying on computational intractability.However, REV schemes often apply cryptographic protocols based on Mixnets or Homomorphic Encryption, which rely on hardness assumptions to achieve BP [27]. Thus, Unconditional BP (UP) does not assume computational intractability and eliminates the need for Trusted Third Parties (TTP) [36]. Minimizing trust assumptions and removing the reliance on TTPs for specific tasks within the voting process is a fundamental argument for decentralized voting systems, e.g., for voting in a consortium of industry participants. Instead of relying on TTPs, the UP-based REV system can be fully decentralized. Since most prior work on REV does not achieve UP, they rely on a TTP or base their privacy on a secret shared between multiple trusted entities [36].AEternum's voting scheme provides UP and does not rely on a single trusted authority [36]. In order to achieve UP, the deployment of a decentralized PBB is required. Distributed Ledgers (DL) offer a suitable approach to deploy a Decentralized PBB (DPBB) to achieve such a distribution of trust among authorities [29]. DLs are tamper-proof and immutable, replicate data securely, making them ideal for storing ballots that should not be manipulated by anyone [30].This paper proposes AEternum, the first DL-based REV system combining a voting scheme with UP and a public permissioned DL, which serves as a DPBB. AEternum's voting scheme is based on Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Proofs (NIZKP) [36]. UP holds under the assumption of the existence of a PBB and an anonymous channel [37]. Furthermore, the trust assumptions do not impact UP, but are fundamental for verifiability and correctness i.e., trusted authorities are required for fairness. For instance, homomorphic threshold encryption is used to disallow trend analysis during an open voting period. Computational intractability assumptions are only relevant during the voting period to prevent the creation of invalid votes [36].The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. While essential definitions are presented in Section II, Section III discusses AEternum's system design followed by the implementation details in Section IV. Section V renders the discussion, Section VI outlines the security analysis and VII the evaluation. Finally, Section IX draws conclusions and outlines future work.Abstract-Remote Electronic Voting (REV) systems allow voters to cast their votes in an uncontrolled, distributed environment. At the same time, the REV system must provide ballot privacy and verifiability of the final tally. Research has proposed REV schemes offering ballot privacy based on computational intractability assumptions, but only a few provide Unconditional Privacy (UP).Therefore, this work proposes AEternum, a REV system with a voting scheme providing UP. AEternum does not require trust in a central authority, nor does it assume computational intractability of an underlying mathematical problem to provide UP. To satisfy UP's...

show abstract

“…While some international contributions that examine modern technologies in public administration include mention of online voting (Strielkowski et al ), the development of its administration (Solvak and Vassil ), cost of an “e‐vote” (Krimmer et al ), and changes in election delivery processes (Krivonosova ), we are not aware of any studies that explore the effects of online voting from the perspective of government administrators. In Canada, coverage of this topic has been mainly relegated to sections in technical and government reports (Elections BC ; Goodman et al ; Pammett and Goodman ; Goodman and Pyman ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Administering elections in a digital age: Online voting in Ontario municipalities

Goodman¹,

Spicer²

2019

Can Public Adm

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To date, online voting studies have focused on impacts on political behaviour and voting security. Analyses of impacts on administrators and electoral governance remain sparse internationally and are relegated to overviews in technical reports in Canada (Pammett and Goodman 2013; Goodman and Pyman 2016). Drawing on an original survey of local administrators in Ontario following the 2014 municipal elections, this article explores how online voting impacts election administration. Findings suggest strong satisfaction with online voting, citizen-centered rationales for adoption, and key differences in challenges and cost based on municipal size. We conclude with implications for the local governance of elections as technology plays a greater role in voting processes. Sommaire : Jusqu'à présent, les études sur le vote en ligne se sont axées sur les incidences sur le comportement politique et sur la sécurité du vote. Les analyses des répercussions sur les administrateurs et sur la gestion électorale restent rares à l'échelle internationale et, au Canada, elles sont reléguées à des aperçus dans des rapports techniques (Pammett et Goodman 2013; Goodman et Pyman 2016). Cet article s'appuie sur un sondage initial auprès d'administrateurs locaux en Ontario effectué après les élections municipales de 2014, pour étudier les répercussions du vote en ligne sur l'administration électorale. Les résultats indiquent un haut niveau de satisfaction avec le vote en ligne, des justifications axées sur les citoyens pour son adoption, et des différences clés dans les défis et les coûts selon la taille de la municipalité.En conclusion, nous soulignons les implications pour la gouvernance locale des élections alors que la technologie joue un rôle croissant dans les processus de vote.

show abstract

How Much Does an e-Vote Cost? Cost Comparison per Vote in Multichannel Elections in Estonia

Cited by 17 publications

References 42 publications

Nordic Pioneers: facing the first use of Internet Voting in the Åland Islands (Parliamentary Elections 2019)

Nordic Pioneers: facing the first use of Internet Voting in the Åland Islands (Parliamentary Elections 2019)

Æternum: A Decentralized Voting System with Unconditional Privacy

Administering elections in a digital age: Online voting in Ontario municipalities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About