How much do we know about schizophrenia and how well do we know it? Evidence from the Schizophrenia Library

Matheson, Sandra; Shepherd, Alana M.; Carr, V. J.

doi:10.1017/s0033291714000166

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 228 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…Later in the NFBC 1986, adolescent cannabis use was linked with prodromal symptoms of psychosis (Miettunen et al 2008). Migration could also affect the risk of psychosis (Matheson et al 2014), but the NFBCs have a homogeneous population with very low prevalence of non-Finnish parents.…”

Section: Changes In Risk Factors In Respect To Incidence Of Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have identified a number of early risk factors for schizophrenia and psychosis such as male sex (Matheson et al 2011), family history of schizophrenia (Gottesman, 1991) or other psychoses and severe mental disorders (Matheson et al 2011), advanced paternal age (Miller et al 2011), unwanted pregnancy (Myhrman et al 1996) and maternal depression during pregnancy in offspring with parental psychosis (Mäki et al 2010), obstetric complications (Matheson et al 2011), low birth weight (Isohanni et al 2006), infections in the central nervous system during childhood (Khandaker et al 2014), stressful life events and childhood adversities (Varese et al 2012), cannabis use later in life and urban residence (Matheson et al 2014). A higher incidence of psychosis across the lifespan among males than females has been reported (Kleinhaus et al 2011) and previous studies on gender differences in onset age focus primarily on schizophrenia rather than other psychoses (Gureje, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of the cumulative incidence and early risk factors for psychotic disorder in young adults in the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts 1966 and 1986

Filatova

Marttila

Koivumaa‐Honkanen

et al. 2016

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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Aims. Few studies have compared time trends for the incidence of psychosis. To date, the results have been inconsistent, showing a decline, an increase or no significant change. As far as we know, no studies explored changes in prevalence of early risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in early risk factors and cumulative incidences of psychosis by type of psychosis in two comparable birth cohorts.Methods. The Northern Finland Birth cohorts (NFBCs) 1966 (N = 12 058) and 1986 (N = 9432) are prospective general population-based cohorts with the children followed since mother's mid-pregnancy. The data for psychoses, i.e. schizophrenia (narrow, spectrum), bipolar disorder with psychotic features, major depressive episode with psychotic features, brief psychosis and other psychoses (ICD 8-10) were collected from nationwide registers including both inpatients and outpatients. The data on early risk factors including sex and place of birth of the offspring, parental age and psychosis, maternal education at birth were prospectively collected from the population registers. The follow-up reached until the age of 27 years.Results. An increase in the cumulative incidence of all psychoses was seen (1.01% in NFBC 1966 v. 1.90% in NFBC 1986; p < 0.001), which was due to an increase in diagnosed affective and other psychoses. Earlier onset of cases and relatively more psychoses in women were observed in the NFBC 1986. Changes in prevalence of potential early risk factors were identified, but only parental psychosis was a significant predictor in both cohorts (hazard ratios ≥3.0; 95% CI 1.86-4.88). The difference in psychosis incidence was not dependent on changes in prevalence of studied early risk factors. Conclusions. Surprisingly, increase in the cumulative incidence of psychosis and also changes in the types of psychoses were found between two birth cohorts 20 years apart. The observed differences could be due to real changes in incidence or they can be attributable to changes in diagnostic practices, or to early psychosis detection and treatment.

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Section: Changes In Risk Factors In Respect To Incidence Of Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the cumulative incidence and early risk factors for psychotic disorder in young adults in the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts 1966 and 1986

Filatova

Marttila

Koivumaa‐Honkanen

et al. 2016

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, some scepticism remains around the notion of recovery [12], coupled with concerns that the burden of risk will be borne by families and carers [13]. It is generally accepted that improved mental health (MH) outcomes can be achieved through access to a range of psychosocial evidence-based interventions (EBIs) [10, 14–16]. However, sufficient service ‘infrastructure’ needs to be activated to ensure recovery-oriented approaches are successfully embedded into everyday practice and access to EBIs is enhanced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Recovery-oriented Model (IRM) for mental health services: evolution and challenges

et al. 2017

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BackgroundOver past decades, improvements in longer-term clinical and personal outcomes for individuals experiencing serious mental illness (SMI) have been moderate, although recovery has clearly been shown to be possible. Recovery experiences are inherently personal, and recovery can be complex and non-linear; however, there are a broad range of potential recovery contexts and contributors, both non-professional and professional. Ongoing refinement of recovery-oriented models for mental health (MH) services needs to be fostered.DiscussionThis descriptive paper outlines a service-wide Integrated Recovery-oriented Model (IRM) for MH services, designed to enhance personally valued health, wellbeing and social inclusion outcomes by increasing access to evidenced-based psychosocial interventions (EBIs) within a service context that supports recovery as both a process and an outcome. Evolution of the IRM is characterised as a series of five broad challenges, which draw together: relevant recovery perspectives; overall service delivery frameworks; psychiatric and psychosocial rehabilitation approaches and literature; our own clinical and service delivery experience; and implementation, evaluation and review strategies. The model revolves around the person's changing recovery needs, focusing on underlying processes and the service frameworks to support and reinforce hope as a primary catalyst for symptomatic and functional recovery. Within the IRM, clinical rehabilitation (CR) practices, processes and partnerships facilitate access to psychosocial EBIs to promote hope, recovery, self-agency and social inclusion. Core IRM components are detailed (remediation of functioning; collaborative restoration of skills and competencies; and active community reconnection), together with associated phases, processes, evaluation strategies, and an illustrative IRM scenario. The achievement of these goals requires ongoing collaboration with community organisations.ConclusionsImproved outcomes are achievable for people with a SMI. It is anticipated that the IRM will afford MH services an opportunity to validate hope, as a critical element for people with SMI in assuming responsibility and developing skills in self-agency and advocacy. Strengthening recovery-oriented practices and policies within MH services needs to occur in tandem with wide-ranging service evaluation strategies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1164-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Cannabis is a well-established environmental risk factor for psychosis 1. More frequent users and those who start at a younger age are at greater risk2 and the mean age of onset of psychosis among cannabis users is about 3 years younger than among non-users 3.…”

Section: What Is Already Known About This Topicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily use of high-potency cannabis is associated with an increased risk of admission and more intervention after first-episode psychosis

Nielssen

2017

Evid Based Mental Health

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How much do we know about schizophrenia and how well do we know it? Evidence from the Schizophrenia Library

Abstract: We conclude that while our knowledge of schizophrenia is very substantial, our understanding of it remains limited.

Cited by 24 publications

References 228 publications

A comparison of the cumulative incidence and early risk factors for psychotic disorder in young adults in the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts 1966 and 1986

A comparison of the cumulative incidence and early risk factors for psychotic disorder in young adults in the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts 1966 and 1986

An Integrated Recovery-oriented Model (IRM) for mental health services: evolution and challenges

Daily use of high-potency cannabis is associated with an increased risk of admission and more intervention after first-episode psychosis

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