How much demand flexibility could have spared texas from the 2021 outage?

Wu, Dongqi; Zheng, Xiangtian; Menati, Ali; Smith, Lane; Xia, Bainan; Xu, Yixing; Singh, Chanan; Xie, Le

doi:10.1016/j.adapen.2022.100106

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Furthermore, the DR program is a cheap mechanism and easy to implement compared to other mechanisms related to load reduction. That is why it is considered one of the best programs to operate the power system [3]. The DR programs can be divided into two main classifications, divided into a number of subgroups, as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Demand Response Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incentive‐based demand response program with self‐reported baseline supported by blockchain technology

Banimenia

Liu

et al. 2023

IET Smart Grid

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This research presents a decentralised incentive‐based demand response (DR) program using blockchain technology. Consumers self‐report baseline to the system operator (SO), the smart contract confirms the validity of the data to execute transactions and finally the validators record the information on the blockchain network. During the DR event, a set of consumers are randomly selected to deliver the required load reduction. The signalled consumer who delivers the load reduction is rewarded, and the non‐called consumers who diverge from their reported baseline are penalised. The randomness of choosing the consumers and penalty function restrict the baseline inflation. Here, we create a blockchain network and deploy a smart contract on the Ethereum build platform. A DR event scenario is adopted with residential houses data sets, all consumers report their baseline information to the SO through the Internet and smart meter. The SO calls four users to deliver the essential load reduction according to the probability of choosing a consumer. The smart contract verifies the received information to start transaction execution. We use proof of authority mechanism to select validation nodes from the participants using voting system. They validate each block before adding it to the blockchain. Last, the monetary transactions settle in participants' wallets. Our results confirm that decentralised systems like blockchain can significantly improve transparency, openness, and customer participation in the DR program. Also contributes to the security and privacy of user information with a minimal investment in new infrastructure.

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Section: Demand Response Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) Incentive‐based DR program. Incentive‐based DR programs considered from the top three mechanisms are responsible for 94% of peak load reduction in the ERCOT market [3]. And it is highly suitable for residential consumers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%