How much CO2 emissions do we reduce by saving electricity? A focus on methods

Harmsen, Robert; Crijns-Graus, Wina

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.059

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Thus, more needs to be done and in this respect the results of the study are in agreement with suggestions for a threefold increase in policy impact compared to energy savings policies adopted since the 2006 Energy Efficiency Action Plan [90]. Nevertheless, even minor reductions in end use electricity consumption are desirable, as they result in upstream savings where network distribution and electricity production losses are 4.4% [88]. An effective increase in energy prices combined with mechanisms to ensure continued increase over time would perhaps change demand patterns and the direction of R&D efforts [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…An initial value of 540 g CO 2 /kW h carbon intensity is used and then current trends for the Dutch power production mix are extrapolated to 2050 [88]. The initial value chosen reflects the fact that a considerable amount of power and heat in the Netherlands is produced from Combined Heat and Power plants.…”

Section: Co 2 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this would require an explicit representation of the power capacity in the Netherlands which was deemed to be outside the scope of the study. Instead best and worst case scenarios were explored: one using the carbon intensity curve for 2005-2010 in [88] and extending it to 2050 and one where the current carbon intensity is kept constant. In both cases, it is assumed that under current Dutch and European policies for emission reductions, carbon intensity will not increase in the future.…”

Section: Co 2 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a sociotechnical issue [16], in the sense that macro level innovation and technology policies, as well as individual level electricity supply and consumer behaviour are all intricately connected. Therefore, policies aiming to reduce electricity consumption must have a demand side component aiming at reducing electricity demand, as well as a supply-technical component aiming at improving the energy efficiency of appliances [17,18]. Consequently, the analysis of electricity consumption in this paper is also informed by drawing on a sociotechnical perspective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Household electricity consumption and CO 2 emissions in the Netherlands: A model-based analysis

Papachristos

2015

Energy and Buildings

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Electric appliances are an indispensable part of a household, and through their sheer number contribute substantially to its electricity consumption. This paper explores potential reductions in residential appliance electricity consumption in the Netherlands with smart meters, combining two perspectives: a sociotechnical approach and a bottom up engineering approach. The first is used to shed light on particular factors that affect household electricity consumption, while with the second policy scenarios are explored regarding efficiency, smart meter diffusion and consumer behaviour. Simulation results indicate the extent of potential electricity consumption reductions.Keywords: households, electricity consumption, system dynamics IntroductionHousehold energy consumption is important, whether it comes from heating, lighting, leisure activities, or cooking. In the Netherlands, the housing sector constitutes approximately 41% of the total national final energy consumption (Guerra Santin et al., 2009). Developing and implementing policies in order to reduce it in line with European guidelines for 2020, is a significant challenge (Klunder, 2005; Beerepoot, 2007). Previous work has shown that it is not easy to overcome the inertia of the housing stock and improve its energy efficiency through renovation, demolition of old houses and raising energy standards of new constructions (Yucel, 2013).The present paper presents work done as part of a project funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) that looks at the Dutch energy transition with a focus on the built environment. Numerous studies have looked at household heating and cooling energy consumption (for a review see Swan and Ugursal, 2009; Kavgic et al., 2010; Lee and Yao, 2013), but very few concern the Netherlands, or look at appliance electricity consumption which is a However, household electricity consumption is not just determined by appliance specifications.Consumption in identical homes, even in low-energy dwellings, can easily differ by a factor of two or more, depending on occupant behaviour (Darby, 2006). Hence, technical and physical improvements in household efficiency are not enough to warrant reduced electricity consumption. This is a sociotechnical issue (Grin et al., 2010), in the sense that innovation and technology policies, as well as electricity supply and consumer behaviour are all intricately connected. Therefore, policies aiming to reduce electricity consumption must have a demand side component aiming at reducing electricity demand, as well as a supply-technical component aiming at improving the energy efficiency of appliances (Harmsen and Graus, 2013; Antal and van den Bergh, 2014). Consequently, the analysis of electricity consumption in this paper is informed by drawing insights from a sociotechnical perspective.To the extent that changing consumer behaviour and energy consumption practices lead to real and persistent energy savings, they will contribute towards achieving emission policy goals as well...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Co 2 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Co 2 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Household electricity consumption and CO 2 emissions in the Netherlands: A model-based analysis

Papachristos

2015

Energy and Buildings

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“…The authors of [13,14] calculate and analyze annual average CO 2 intensities for the joint heat and electricity production. Based on these numbers, the effectiveness of different CO 2 reduction measures are discussed in [15]. Similarly, the German building efficiency directive accounts for energy purchases from the grid via fixed primary energy factors [16] or the EU requires that electricity utilities report their annual CO 2 intensity on each bill [17].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A First Shot at Time-Dependent CO<inf>2</inf> Intensities in Multi-Modal Energy Systems

Ripp

Steinke

2018

2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)

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CO 2 emission reduction and increasing volatile renewable energy generation mandate stronger energy sector coupling and the use of energy storage. In such multi-modal energy systems, it is challenging to determine the effect of an individual player's consumption pattern onto overall CO 2 emissions. This, however, is often important to evaluate the suitability of local CO 2 reduction measures. Due to renewables' volatility, the traditional approach of using annual average CO 2 intensities per energy form is no longer accurate, but the time of consumption should be considered. Moreover, CO 2 intensities are highly coupled over time and different energy forms due to sector coupling and energy storage. We introduce and compare two novel methods for computing time-dependent CO 2 intensities, that address different objectives: the first method determines CO 2 intensities of the energy system as is. The second method analyzes how overall CO 2 emissions would change in response to infinitesimal demand changes. Given a digital twin of the energy system in form of a linear program, we show how to compute these sensitivities very efficiently. We present the results of both methods for two simulated test energy systems and discuss their different implications.

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Low-loss and ultra-low sintering temperature ceramics of AgCa1−xMgxVO4 (x = 0–0.09) for microwave applications

Ling

Hsu

et al. 2023

Appl. Phys. A

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How much CO2 emissions do we reduce by saving electricity? A focus on methods

Cited by 39 publications

References 35 publications

Household electricity consumption and CO 2 emissions in the Netherlands: A model-based analysis

Household electricity consumption and CO 2 emissions in the Netherlands: A model-based analysis

A First Shot at Time-Dependent CO<inf>2</inf> Intensities in Multi-Modal Energy Systems

Low-loss and ultra-low sintering temperature ceramics of AgCa1−xMgxVO4 (x = 0–0.09) for microwave applications

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