How much captan is required for wound protection of &lt;i&gt;Neonectria ditissima &lt;/i&gt;conidial infection in apple?

Walter, Monika; Manktelow, D.W.L.; Berre, Fanny Le; Campbell, Rebecca E.; Turner, Lauren; Vorster, L. F.; Patrick, Emma; Butler, R.C.; Northcott, Grant L.

doi:10.30843/nzpp.2019.72.273

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(28 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, several new and widely used cultivars are particularly susceptible to infection by N. ditissima. Consequently, apple canker has been intensively researched recently, focusing on host cultivar resistance (Bus et al 2019), fungal virulence (Gomez-Cortecero et al 2016), infection biology (Walter et al 2016, Olivieri et al 2021, and disease management (Walter et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does apple canker develop independently on leaf scars of a single apple shoot?

Olivieri

Gange

et al. 2021

NZPP

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

European apple canker, caused by Neonectria ditissima, causes serious damage to apple trees, particularly young trees. Canker management is difficult because of the limited availability of effective fungicides, the long latency period, inoculum abundance and host resistance in commercial cultivars as well as the need for costly manual pruning interventions. To understand disease aggregation for more effective pruning management, we assessed whether canker infection and subsequent lesion development on leaf scars are independent from each other on the same shoot. Four inoculation experiments were conducted: one in glasshouse, and three in orchards. On each shoot, 10 consecutive leaf scars were inoculated and assessed for visible cankers over time in situ. Number of cankers developed per shoot as well as spatial distribution of these cankers within a shoot was statistically analysed. Most data of the number of visible canker lesions on a single shoot failed to fit binomial distributions (indicator for independence) and were fitted much better by beta binomial distributions. In a number of cases (4–20%), there appeared to be positive association between lesion development on neighbouring leaf scars. However, in one experiment where laboratory incubation and isolation of N. ditissima from inoculated but asymptomatic leaf scars (after eight months’ field incubation) were used the results suggested independence of canker development on a single shoot. We conclude that apparent aggregation of canker lesions on individual shoots is likely to originate from host responses. Such aggregation of canker lesions on individual shoots should be taken into consideration for field disease assessment and management.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does apple canker develop independently on leaf scars of a single apple shoot?

Olivieri

Gange

et al. 2021

NZPP

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Current control strategies using chemical fungicides are not fully effective due to the difficulty in protecting the large number and type of wounds (e.g. leaf and picking scars, pruning wounds) that are available for pathogen infection (Ghasemkhani ; Gaskin et al ; Alves and Nunes ; Walter et al ). There have been limited reports of biocontrol agents or commercial biological products effective at controlling this disease (Walter et al ; Walter et al ; Berdeni et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apple endophyte community is shaped by tissue type, cultivar and site and has members with biocontrol potential againstNeonectria ditissima

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims This research aimed to identify factors influencing endophyte community structure in apple shoots and the bioactivity of cultured representatives against the fungal pathogen Neonectria ditissima. Methods and Results The endophyte community in leaves and stems of the apple cultivars ‘Royal Gala’ and ‘Braeburn’ were analysed by a cultivation‐independent method (PCR‐DGGE) which showed that tissue type, cultivar and site were determinant factors, with the endophyte taxa in ‘Royal Gala’ more variable than that in ‘Braeburn’, with leaf endophyte communities typically differing from stems in both cultivars. Seasonal (spring vs autumn) and regional (Nelson vs Hawke’s Bay) variations were not obvious in woody stems. A collection of 783 bacterial and 87 fungal endophytes were recovered from leaves and stems of ‘Royal Gala’, ‘Braeburn’, ‘Scilate’ and/or ‘Scifresh’ from Nelson (nine sites) and Hawke’s Bay (five sites) in spring and from Nelson (three sites) in autumn. A dual culture plating assay was used to test their ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of N. ditissima. Thirteen bacterial (mean of percent inhibition ≥20%) and 17 fungal isolates were antagonistic towards N. ditissima. These isolates belonged to the bacterial genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas, and fungal genera Chaetomium, Epicoccum, Biscogniauxia, Penicillium, Diaporthe, Phlyctema and two unidentified fungal isolates. Conclusions Endophyte communities in apple shoots were determined by tissue type, cultivar and site. Endophytic bacterial and fungal isolates inhibiting N. ditissima growth in vitro were found. Significance and Impact of the Study These results provided new evidence of factors influencing apple endophyte community in New Zealand. Endophytes with potential to reduce N. ditissima infection were identified, with the potential to be developed into a biocontrol strategy for European canker.

show abstract

“…Protectant fungicides such as captan or systemic compounds such as methyl benzimidazole carbamates (MBC) have been favoured by advisors in some countries such as the Netherlands (van der Scheer 1974; Westerlaken and van Dijke 1987; de Jong and van der Steeg 2012), based partly on trial results, partly out of necessity as substitutes for copper fungicides where the latter are not registered. However, the efficacy of captan against N. ditissima may be limited especially at a high infection pressure on large wounds (Westerlaken and van Dijke 1987;Walter et al 2019). A large proportion of captan is washed off from leaf surfaces by the first rain event, a smaller proportion being retained until > 25 mm rainfall has occurred (Smith and MacHardy 1984;Xu et al 2008).…”

Section: Chemical Control Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in order to achieve good fungicide efficacies a large volume of water is needed, e.g. 1000 l ha −1 in New Zealand with captan (Walter et al 2019) or in Northern Germany with copper fungicides (see above). This is a major obstacle to using lighter equipment.…”

Section: Outlook: Future Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection biology as the basis of integrated control of apple canker (Neonectria ditissima) in Northern Europe

Weber

Børve

2021

CABI Agric Biosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background European canker, caused by Neonectria ditissima, is a disease of worldwide importance in apple production, yet knowledge about it is limited, highly regional and sometimes contradictory. This is an obstacle to successful disease management. Key aspects for Northern Europe are reviewed, based on research results from Northern Germany and Norway and on international literature data. Main topics Trunk cankers developing on young trees within the first 1–3 seasons of explanting can often be traced back to latent infections initiated in the nurseries. The most important nursery infection is a lateral canker on the main trunk of ‘knip’ trees, which are the standard tree type in Northern Europe. In strongly affected batches, up to 25% of trees have to be uprooted after the first growing season due to such trunk cankers. The establishment and maintenance of healthy orchards requires clean nursery material, especially in the case of susceptible cultivars. In Northern Germany, infections within commercial orchards most often proceed through wounds caused by fruit picking or leaf fall in autumn, as shown by the appearance of cankers in the following spring and by the high efficacy of fungicide treatments at leaf fall. Ascospores, commonly thought to be relevant for long-distance spread of infections, are not released until the end of leaf fall even in wet autumn seasons in Northern Germany. Therefore, their role in the disease remains unclear. Strong nitrogen-induced vegetative growth favours apple canker. In field trials conducted under conditions of current commercial practices, autumnal sprays with copper hydroxide or copper oxide were consistently more efficacious than copper oxychloride or captan in preventing new infections. Conclusions Restricted fertilisation and other measures to curb excessive vegetative growth during the first few years of an orchard, repeated canker pruning and well-timed treatments with effective fungicides in autumn are essential for IPM of apple canker. Nonetheless, canker remains capable of severely impairing the commercial success of susceptible cultivars in regions with wet climates even if all available measures are taken. This opens up long-term perspectives for the breeding of more resistant cultivars.

show abstract

How much captan is required for wound protection of <i>Neonectria ditissima </i>conidial infection in apple?

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Does apple canker develop independently on leaf scars of a single apple shoot?

Does apple canker develop independently on leaf scars of a single apple shoot?

Apple endophyte community is shaped by tissue type, cultivar and site and has members with biocontrol potential againstNeonectria ditissima

Infection biology as the basis of integrated control of apple canker (Neonectria ditissima) in Northern Europe

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About