How mountains get made

Long, Maureen D.

doi:10.1126/science.aac8671

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Interpretation of seismic anisotropy is often tied to crustal ductile deformation that produces strong preferred alignment of crystallographic axes and hence texture in rocks [e.g., Shapiro et al ., ; Schulte‐Pelkum et al ., ; Nábělek et al ., ; Ozacar and Zandt , ; Endrun et al ., ; Schulte‐Pelkum and Mahan , ]. The integration of seismological results with mineral texture and microstructural information therefore provides a very powerful combination that enables inferences regarding deformation in different tectonic settings that are otherwise not possible [i.e., Moschetti et al ., ; Huang et al ., ; Long , ; Cossette et al ., , ; Xie et al ., ]. A significant challenge lies in extracting the contribution of intrinsic seismic properties resulting from texture and microstructure to the overall seismic signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic properties and anisotropy of the continental crust: Predictions based on mineral texture and rock microstructure

Almqvist

Mainprice

2017

Reviews of Geophysics

157

127

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Progress in seismic methodology and ambitious large‐scale seismic projects are enabling high‐resolution imaging of the continental crust. The ability to constrain interpretations of crustal seismic data is based on laboratory measurements on rock samples and calculations of seismic properties. Seismic velocity calculations and their directional dependence are based on the rock microfabric, which consists of mineral aggregate properties including crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO), grain shape and distribution, grain boundary distribution, and misorientation within grains. Single‐mineral elastic constants and density are crucial for predicting seismic velocities, preferably at conditions that span the crust. However, high‐temperature and high‐pressure elastic constant data are not as common as those determined at standard temperature and pressure (STP; atmospheric conditions). Continental crust has a very diverse mineral composition; however, a select number of minerals appear to dominate seismic properties because of their high‐volume fraction contribution. Calculations of microfabric‐based seismic properties and anisotropy are performed with averaging methods that in their simplest form takes into account the CPO and modal mineral composition, and corresponding single crystal elastic constants. More complex methods can take into account other microstructural characteristics, including the grain shape and distribution of mineral grains and cracks and pores. Dynamic or active wave propagation schemes have recently been developed, which offer a complementary method to existing static averaging methods generally based on the use of the Christoffel equation. A challenge for the geophysics and rock physics communities is the separation of intrinsic factors affecting seismic anisotropy, due to properties of crystals within a rock and apparent sources due to extrinsic factors like cracks, fractures, and alteration. This is of particular importance when trying to deduce crustal composition and the state of deformation from seismic parameters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic properties and anisotropy of the continental crust: Predictions based on mineral texture and rock microstructure

Almqvist

Mainprice

2017

Reviews of Geophysics

157

127

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“…More generally, the observation and interpretation of crustal anisotropy, both in mountain belts and in other tectonic settings, represents an exciting frontier area, enabled by the increasing availability of data from dense seismic networks and the maturation of observational techniques that rely on the ambient noise field ( 1,8) or on the analysis of converted waves ( 9). Furthermore, new constraints on the relationships between strain and anisotropy in crustal rocks ( 10,11) are enhancing our ability to relate seismic observations to deformation geometry, opening the door to the detailed and quantitative testing of hypotheses related to the deformation of Earth's crust. ■ U ndergraduate linguistics courses typically present language as unique to humans.…”

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confidence: 99%

Marmoset kids actually listen

Margoliash

Tchernichovski

2015

Science

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Graphic, Quantitation, Visualization, Standardization, Digitization, and Intelligence of Electrolyte and Electrolyte‐Electrode Interface

Cai,

Wang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Advanced Energy Materials

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Electrolytes have recently regained significant attention in rechargeable batteries due to the discovery that the electrolyte microstructures play a determinant role in battery performance. By adjusting the compositions of electrolytes to cater to various functionalities, such as high‐voltage, fast‐charging, wide‐temperature operation, and non‐flammable features, a diverse range of batteries can be developed to adapt to different environmental working conditions. Nevertheless, elucidating the electrolyte microstructures and understanding the associated electrode interfacial behaviors remain challenging. These challenges arise from the interdisciplinary nature of the research, encompassing subjects such as solution chemistry, interface chemistry, electrochemistry, and organic chemistry. This topic holds particular significance because solution chemistry and solution‐solid interface chemistry are ubiquitous in daily lives, yet their behaviors remain unclear due to their inherent complexity, dynamic nature, and rapid variability. In this context, electrolyte and electrolyte‐electrode interface research are used as an illustrative example and summarize their progress from six key perspectives of graphic, quantitation, visualization, standardization, digitization, and intelligence. It is aimed to provide a multi‐faceted understanding of electrolyte microstructures and their behaviors on the electrode interface. This comprehensive approach enables the effective design of electrolytes and enhances the accuracy of predicting battery performance, servicing the development of solution and solution‐solid interface.

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How mountains get made

Abstract: Observations of crustal deformation constrain models of mountain formation [Also see Report by Huang et al. ]

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Seismic properties and anisotropy of the continental crust: Predictions based on mineral texture and rock microstructure

Seismic properties and anisotropy of the continental crust: Predictions based on mineral texture and rock microstructure

Marmoset kids actually listen

Graphic, Quantitation, Visualization, Standardization, Digitization, and Intelligence of Electrolyte and Electrolyte‐Electrode Interface

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