How Motion Signals Are Integrated Across Frequencies: Study on Motion Perception and Ocular Following Responses Using Multiple-Slit Stimuli

Hayashi, Ryusuke; Sugita, Yukihiko; Nishida, Shin’ya; Kawano, Kenji

doi:10.1152/jn.00064.2009

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…These results reveal that when the task is to discriminate the motion direction of a complex stimulus (1m þ 3m), the visual system performs worse than when detecting only one of the components of the complex stimulus (in this case, 3m). Interestingly, duration thresholds for this complex stimulus are similar to the thresholds for the low spatial frequency component, in agreement with previous results (Hayashi, Sugita, Nishida, & Kawano, 2010). This suggests that subjects judge motion direction of a complex stimulus composed of coarse and fine features moving coherently at the same speed, using predominantly motion signals from the low spatial frequency component.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Effect Of Speed On Motion Direction Discriminasupporting

confidence: 91%

Temporal frequency modulates the strength of the inhibitory interaction between motion sensors tuned to coarse and fine scales

Luna

Serrano‐Pedraza

2018

Journal of Vision

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The perceived direction of motion of a brief moving fine scale pattern reverses when a static coarse scale pattern is added to it (Henning & Derrington, 1988). This impairment in motion direction discrimination has been explained by the inhibitory interaction between motion sensors tuned to fine and coarse scales. This interaction depends on the particular spatial frequencies mixed, the size of the stimulus, and the relative contrast of the components (Serrano-Pedraza, Goddard, & Derrington, 2007; Serrano-Pedraza & Derrington, 2010). In this research we wanted to study the effect of speed or temporal frequency on the interaction between motion sensors. We performed three experiments where we measured duration thresholds in a motion direction discrimination task, and we also measured the proportion of correct responses. The stimuli used in the experiments were horizontally drifting vertical Gabor patches of 48 diameter (2r xy). In the first two experiments, five stimulus configurations of moving (m) and static (s) components were used: two simple stimuli, 1m c/8 and 3m c/8; and three complex stimuli, 1m þ 3m, 1m þ 3s, and 1s þ 3m. Results show that for all conditions but 1s þ 3m, duration thresholds decrease (proportion of correct responses increase) with increasing speed. However, in condition 1s þ 3m, duration thresholds increase from 0.58/s to 28/s and then decrease with increasing speed. In the third experiment we tested whether the interaction between scales is tuned to speed or temporal frequency using different conditions: 1s þ 4m, 1s þ 6m, 0.5s þ 1.5m, and 2s þ 6m. Results from duration thresholds suggest that the strength of the inhibitory interaction between motion sensors tuned to coarse and fine scales is temporal frequency tuned with a maximum around 6 Hz and a minimum between 6 and 12 Hz in the case of the proportion of correct responses.

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Section: Experiments 1: Effect Of Speed On Motion Direction Discriminasupporting

confidence: 91%

Temporal frequency modulates the strength of the inhibitory interaction between motion sensors tuned to coarse and fine scales

Luna

Serrano‐Pedraza

2018

Journal of Vision

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“…spatial frequency may differ from those reported by Schor and Narayan who used moving grating, since non-linear interaction across different spatial frequencies (Hayashi, Sugita, Nishida, & Kawano, 2009), as well as interocular suppression, could be involved in the process integrating motion signals. Nevertheless, rough parameter adjustment by checking whether OKN is elucidated and whether the participants do not experience frequent piecemeal rivalry is enough to get reliable estimation of which eye image was perceived in our stimulus from OKN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Which image is in awareness during binocular rivalry? Reading perceptual status from eye movements

Hayashi

Tanifuji

2012

Journal of Vision

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Binocular rivalry is a useful psychophysical tool to investigate neural correlates of visual consciousness because the alternation between awareness of the left and right eye images occurs without any accompanying change in visual input. The conventional experiments on binocular rivalry require participants to voluntarily report their perceptual state. Obtaining reliable reports from non-human primates about their subjective visual experience, however, requires long-term training, which has made electrophysiological experiments on binocular rivalry quite difficult. Here, we developed a new binocular rivalry stimulus that consists of two different object images that are phase-shifted to move in opposite directions from each other: One eye receives leftward motion while the other eye receives rightward motion, although both eyes' images are perceived to remain at the same position. Experiments on adult human participants showed that eye movements (optokinetic nystagmus, OKN) are involuntarily evoked during the observation of our stimulus. We also found that the evoked OKN can serve as a cue for accurate estimation about which object image was dominant during rivalry, since OKN follows the motion associated with the image in awareness at a given time. This novel visual presentation technique enables us to effectively explore the neural correlates of visual awareness using animal models.

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“…We were also interested in testing whether there was a significant response during the open-loop response phase. The fastest open-loop responses may occur within a time window going from 90 -180 ms (following Hayashi et al 2010). Measured over this time window we obtained significantly larger responses in the attended compared with the unattended conditions (0.67 vs. 0.16°/s) in experiment 1, t(12) ϭ 2.521, P ϭ 0.0268, and in experiment 4 (3.32 vs. Ϫ0.35°/s), t(14) ϭ 11.298, P Ͻ 0.0001.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular tracking responses to background motion gated by feature-based attention

Souto

Kerzel

2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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In contrast to spatial attention, we know little about the role of feature-based attention in determining this ocular response. To probe feature-based effects of background motion on involuntary eye movements, we presented human observers with a balanced background perturbation. Two clouds of dots moved in opposite vertical directions while observers tracked a target moving in horizontal direction. Additionally, they had to discriminate a change in the direction of motion (Ϯ10°from vertical) of one of the clouds. A vertical ocular following response occurred in response to the motion of the attended cloud. When motion selection was based on motion direction and color of the dots, the peak velocity of the tracking response was 30% of the tracking response elicited in a single task with only one direction of background motion. In two other experiments, we tested the effect of the perturbation when motion selection was based on color, by having motion direction vary unpredictably, or on motion direction alone. Although the gain of pursuit in the horizontal direction was significantly reduced in all experiments, indicating a trade-off between perceptual and oculomotor tasks, ocular responses to perturbations were only observed when selection was based on both motion direction and color. It appears that selection by motion direction can only be effective for driving ocular tracking when the relevant elements can be segregated before motion onset. smooth pursuit eye movements; feature-based attention; attention; motion; eye movements A CENTRAL QUESTION IN UNDERSTANDING how perception and action may be articulated is whether perceptual selection and eye movement control rely on similar filtering mechanisms (for a review Kowler 2007;Schutz et al. 2011). Involuntary ocular tracking eye movements offer a good opportunity for understanding early filtering mechanisms given that their initiation can involve relatively few processing steps (for a review, see Masson and Perrinet 2012).Among involuntary tracking eye movements, ocular following is a quasireflexive response to motion covering a large part of the visual field (Kawano 1999;Miles et al. 1986), which is believed to reflect the unfolding of visual motion processing, providing a window on the link between neural computation and behavior (Ilg 1997;Lisberger et al. 1987;Masson and Perrinet 2012). Ocular following depends on first-order motion signals, with little input from higher order motion processing (Hayashi et al. 2008), suggesting that attention may have a minor role. However, this latter aspect is poorly understood, especially in relation to feature-based attention, the ability to select a specific feature dimension (e.g., motion, color, and shape), or value (upward vs. downward motion) across the visual field. In the context of voluntary and involuntary tracking eye movements, feature-based attention may have a role in helping integrate motion information across space, as for tracking surfaces occluded by objects in the foreground (e.g., Grossberg 1998; Mestre a...

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How Motion Signals Are Integrated Across Frequencies: Study on Motion Perception and Ocular Following Responses Using Multiple-Slit Stimuli

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

Temporal frequency modulates the strength of the inhibitory interaction between motion sensors tuned to coarse and fine scales

Temporal frequency modulates the strength of the inhibitory interaction between motion sensors tuned to coarse and fine scales

Which image is in awareness during binocular rivalry? Reading perceptual status from eye movements

Ocular tracking responses to background motion gated by feature-based attention

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