How methylglyoxal kills bacteria: An ultrastructural study

Rabie, Erika; Serem, June Cheptoo; Oberholzer, Hester Magdalena; Gaspar, Anabella R. M.; Bester, Megan Jean

doi:10.3109/01913123.2016.1154914

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The mechanism of action of MGO is due to its ability to alter the structure of bacterial fimbriae and flagella (Figure 1). Observations were made that increased concentrations of MGO result in less fimbriae and flagella, and a concentration of 2 mM results in the loss of all fimbriae and flagella, as well as inducing damage to cell membranes and the shrinking and rounding of bacterial cells [76]. However, bacteria without fimbriae and flagella have also been observed to be inhibited by Manuka honey, such as S. aureus.…”

Section: 2-dicarbonylsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the ability of bee defensin-1 to disrupt membranes, resulting in the inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, identifies it as an obvious candidate for biofilm disruption [81]. Furthermore, the capability of MGO to alter bacterial fimbriae and flagella, ultimately preventing adhesion to surfaces, would impair biofilm formation [76]. Thus, it is unsurprising that the presence of either bee defensin-1 or MGO results in antibiofilm action.…”

Section: Antibiofilm Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissecting the Antimicrobial Composition of Honey

2019

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Honey is a complex sweet food stuff with well-established antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. It has been used for millennia in a variety of applications, but the most noteworthy include the treatment of surface wounds, burns and inflammation. A variety of substances in honey have been suggested as the key component to its antimicrobial potential; polyphenolic compounds, hydrogen peroxide, methylglyoxal and bee-defensin 1. These components vary greatly across honey samples due to botanical origin, geographical location and secretions from the bee. The use of medical grade honey in the treatment of surface wounds and burns has been seen to improve the healing process, reduce healing time, reduce scarring and prevent microbial contamination. Therefore, if medical grade honeys were to be included in clinical treatment, it would reduce the demand for antibiotic usage. In this review, we outline the constituents of honey and how they affect antibiotic potential in a clinical setting. By identifying the key components, we facilitate the development of an optimally antimicrobial honey by either synthetic or semisynthetic production methods.

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Section: 2-dicarbonylsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antibiofilm Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting the Antimicrobial Composition of Honey

2019

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“…Methylglyoxal can be derived via glycolytic pathways, but the corresponding precursor, dihydroxyacetone phosphate ( 2k ), is a highly reactive compound that inhibits cell growth. [ 21 ] Although these direct biotransformations are not ideal, one of the threonine degradation pathways is an effective retrosynthetic scheme. Unlike other l ‐amino acid dehydrogenases, threonine dehydrogenase (TDH) targets the hydroxyl group instead of the amino group and catalyses the oxidation of threonine ( 2j ) to form 2‐amino‐3‐oxobutyrate ( 2h ), [ 22 ] which undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to form the DMP precursor 1‐aminoacetone ( 2e ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioretrosynthesis of Functionalized N‐Heterocycles from Glucose via One‐Pot Tandem Collaborations of Designed Microbes

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Science

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The design of multistrain systems has markedly expanded the prospects of using long biosynthetic pathways to produce natural compounds. However, the cooperative use of artificially engineered microbes to synthesize xenobiotic chemicals from renewable carbohydrates is still in its infancy. Here, a microbial system is developed for the production of high‐added‐value N‐heterocycles directly from glucose. Based on a retrosynthetic analysis, eleven genes are selected, systematically modulated, and overexpressed in three Escherichia coli strains to construct an artificial pathway to produce 5‐methyl‐2‐pyrazinecarboxylic acid, a key intermediate in the production of the important pharmaceuticals Glipizide and Acipimox. Via one‐pot tandem collaborations, the designed microbes remarkably realize high‐level production of 5‐methyl‐2‐pyrazinecarboxylic acid (6.2 ± 0.1 g L−1) and its precursor 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine (7.9 ± 0.7 g L−1). This study is the first application of cooperative microbes for the total biosynthesis of functionalized N‐heterocycles and provides new insight into integrating bioretrosynthetic principles with synthetic biology to perform complex syntheses.

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“…It has also been shown that MGO in free form can trigger the production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and cell adhesion molecules (P‐selectin, E‐selectin and ICAM‐1) by activating various signaling pathways such as NF‐kB, JNK and MAPK pathways in endothelial cells and leucocytes . In addition to the toxic killing effect of MGO on bacterial cells, MGO can also modify its virulence components such as fimbriae, flagella and others . Considering the inflammogenic and toxic potential of MGO, we predict that MGO produced by T. forsythia may contribute to the pathogenesis of PD via multiple and complex pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[28][29][30][31] In addition to the toxic killing effect of MGO on bacterial cells, MGO can also modify its virulence components such as fimbriae, flagella and others. 43 Considering the inflammogenic and toxic potential of MGO, we predict that MGO produced by T. forsythia may contribute to the pathogenesis of PD via multiple and complex pathways. However, it remains to be seen whether T. forsythia possesses systems to detoxify self-produced MGO: bacteria that produce MGO have an array of detoxification pathways for MGO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannerella forsythia‐produced methylglyoxal causes accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts to trigger cytokine secretion in human monocytes

Settem

Honma

Shankar

et al. 2018

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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The periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia has the unique ability to produce methylglyoxal (MGO), an electrophilic compound which can covalently modify amino acid side chains and generate inflammatory adducts known as advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). In periodontitis, concentrations of MGO in gingival-crevicular fluid are increased and are correlated with the T. forsythia load. However, the source of MGO and the extent to which MGO may contribute to periodontal inflammation has not been fully explored. In this study we identified a functional homolog of the enzyme methylglyoxal synthase (MgsA) involved in the production of MGO in T. forsythia. While wild-type T.forsythia produced a significant amount of MGO in the medium, a mutant lacking this homolog produced little to no MGO. Furthermore, compared with the spent medium of the T. forsythia parental strain, the spent medium of the T. forsythia mgsA-deletion strain induced significantly lower nuclear factor-kappa B activity as well as proinflammogenic and pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines from THP-1 monocytes. The ability of T. forsythia to induce protein glycation endproducts via MGO was confirmed by an electrophoresis-based collagen chain mobility shift assay. Together these data demonstrated that T. forsythia produces MGO, which may contribute to inflammation via the generation of AGEs and thus act as a potential virulence factor of the bacterium.

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How methylglyoxal kills bacteria: An ultrastructural study

Cited by 45 publications

References 25 publications

Dissecting the Antimicrobial Composition of Honey

Dissecting the Antimicrobial Composition of Honey

Bioretrosynthesis of Functionalized N‐Heterocycles from Glucose via One‐Pot Tandem Collaborations of Designed Microbes

Tannerella forsythia‐produced methylglyoxal causes accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts to trigger cytokine secretion in human monocytes

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