How mental health relates to everyday stress, rumination, trauma and interoception in women living with HIV: A factor analytic study

Millon, Emma M.; Shors, Tracey J.

doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2020.101680

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Reflecting this heterogeneity, scores of the MAIA-2 have been considered as an indicator of interoceptive sensibility along with a correlate for maladaptive or beneficial interoceptive strategies ( Mehling et al, 2018 ). Similarly, scores of the MAIA-2 have been shown to predict psychological improvement trajectories, and are negatively related to several mental health symptoms and emotion regulation difficulties ( Barker, 2019 ; Eggart and Valdés-Stauber, 2021 ; Millon and Shors, 2021 ). Considering the different constructs that the MAIA-2 comprises with each subscale, we decided to include the subscales related to physiological sensibility, namely, the Noticing, Emotional Awareness, Trusting, Body Listening, and Attention Regulation subscales, in the PCA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Interoceptive Sensibility and Emotional Conceptualization for the Experience of Emotions

2021

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The theory of constructed emotions suggests that different psychological components, including core affect (mental and neural representations of bodily changes), and conceptualization (meaning-making based on prior experiences and semantic knowledge), are involved in the formation of emotions. However, little is known about their role in experiencing emotions. In the current study, we investigated how individual differences in interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization (as potential correlates of these components) interact to moderate three important aspects of emotional experiences: emotional intensity (strength of emotion felt), arousal (degree of activation), and granularity (ability to differentiate emotions with precision). To this end, participants completed a series of questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization and underwent two emotion experience tasks, which included standardized material (emotion differentiation task; ED task) and self-experienced episodes (day reconstruction method; DRM). Correlational analysis showed that individual differences in interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization were related to each other. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed two independent factors that were referred to as sensibility and monitoring. The Sensibility factor, interpreted as beliefs about the accuracy of an individual in detecting internal physiological and emotional states, predicted higher granularity for negative words. The Monitoring factor, interpreted as the tendency to focus on the internal states of an individual, was negatively related to emotional granularity and intensity. Additionally, Sensibility scores were more strongly associated with greater well-being and adaptability measures than Monitoring scores. Our results indicate that independent processes underlying individual differences in interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization contribute to emotion experiencing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Interoceptive Sensibility and Emotional Conceptualization for the Experience of Emotions

2021

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“…In a previous study with this population, women who reported a greater tendency to ruminate also reported higher levels of perceived stress, as well as greater numbers of anxiety and depressive symptoms, suggesting there is a relationship between these outcomes within individuals (Millon & Shors, 2021 ). A factor analysis of these data identified a primary factor, which we termed “mental health” because it accounted for about 66% of the variance for all the mental health outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Thus, the intervention seems to induce relatively long-lasting effects in overall mental health with and without continued practice and with the exception of perceived stress, potentially as it is a measure of more recent and present day experience. In a previous study with this population, women who reported a greater tendency to ruminate also reported higher levels of perceived stress, as well as greater numbers of anxiety and depressive symptoms, suggesting there is a relationship between these outcomes within individuals (Millon & Shors, 2021). A factor analysis of these data identified a primary factor, which we termed "mental health" because it accounted for about 66% of the variance for all the mental health outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…A factor analysis of these data identified a primary factor, which we termed “mental health” because it accounted for about 66% of the variance for all the mental health outcomes. This factor accounted for 94% of the variance in ruminative thoughts, as well as most of the variance in the measures of anxiety and depression reported by the individuals (Millon & Shors, 2021 ). Thus, rumination emerged as an especially strong predictor of overall mental health and may be a target for improving other mental health symptoms related to stress and trauma, including those that emerge while living with HIV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study, we reported that women living with HIV were experiencing a relatively high degree of perceived stress in their everyday lives, as well as heightened symptoms of depression and anxiety (Millon & Shors, 2021 ; Nightingale et al, 2010 ; Yanes et al, 2012 ). They also indicated that they were less likely to sense and trust bodily sensations (i.e., interoceptive awareness) and had difficulty regulating thoughts and feelings related to these sensations (Millon & Shors, 2021 ). Black women with HIV in particular are at increased risk for major depression and suicidal behaviors, in part because they frequently experience gendered and racial discrimination (Thompson & Dale, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meditation and Aerobic Exercise Enhance Mental Health Outcomes and Pattern Separation Learning Without Changing Heart Rate Variability in Women with HIV

Millon

Lehrer

Shors

2022

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

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Mental and physical (MAP) training targets the brain and the body through a combination of focused-attention meditation and aerobic exercise. The following feasibility pilot study tested whether 6 weeks of MAP training improves mental health outcomes, while enhancing discrimination learning and heart rate variability (HRV) in a group of women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other stress-related conditions. Participants were assigned to training ( n = 18) or no-training control ( n = 8) groups depending on their ability and willingness to participate, and if their schedule allowed. Training sessions were held once a week for 6 weeks with 30 min of meditation followed by 30 min of aerobic exercise. Before and after 6 weeks of training, participants completed the Behavioral Pattern Separation Task as a measure of discrimination learning, self-report questionnaires of ruminative and trauma-related thoughts, depression, anxiety, and perceived stress, and an assessment of HRV at rest. After training, participants reported fewer ruminative and trauma-related thoughts, fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms, and less perceived stress ( p ’s < 0.05). The positive impact on ruminative thoughts and depressive symptoms persisted 6 months after training. They also demonstrated enhanced discrimination of similar patterns of information ( p < 0.05). HRV did not change after training ( p > 0.05). Combining mental and physical training is an effective program for enhancing mental health and aspects of cognition in women living with HIV, although not necessarily through variance in heart rate.

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Tools for Screening and Measuring Anxiety Among Women Living with HIV of Reproductive Age: A Scoping Review

et al. 2023

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How mental health relates to everyday stress, rumination, trauma and interoception in women living with HIV: A factor analytic study

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

The Role of Interoceptive Sensibility and Emotional Conceptualization for the Experience of Emotions

The Role of Interoceptive Sensibility and Emotional Conceptualization for the Experience of Emotions

Meditation and Aerobic Exercise Enhance Mental Health Outcomes and Pattern Separation Learning Without Changing Heart Rate Variability in Women with HIV

Tools for Screening and Measuring Anxiety Among Women Living with HIV of Reproductive Age: A Scoping Review

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