How many sputum specimens are necessary to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis?

Leonard, Michael; Osterholt, Dawn; Kourbatova, Ekaterina V.; Rı́o, Carlos del; Wang, Wayne; Blumberg, Henry M.

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2004.08.003

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, recently, investigators have questioned the need for 3 specimens. Leonard et al 27 concluded that examination of 2 specimens is just as sensitive.…”

Section: Laboratory and Diagnostic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 Conventionally, 3 sputum samples were also used for culture diagnosis, but the use of 2 specimens, as mentioned earlier for smears, also applies for cultures. 27 After medications are started, the effectiveness of the therapy is assessed by obtaining sputum samples for smears. Once again, the traditional requirement of 3 sputum smears negative for M tuberculosis may be unnecessary when determining if respiratory isolation can be discontinued.…”

Section: The Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tuberculosis: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Diagnosis

Knechel

2009

Critical Care Nurse

102

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“…However, recently, investigators have questioned the need for 3 specimens. Leonard et al 27 concluded that examination of 2 specimens is just as sensitive.…”

Section: Laboratory and Diagnostic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Diagnosis

Knechel

2009

Critical Care Nurse

102

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“…It may be due to some methodological differences concerning sputum collection and staining techniques among studies. For example fluorochrome technique was used in some studies, 9,10 but others performed light microscopy and acid fast staining. We used concentrated method and Ziehl-Neelsen staining.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of Third Sputum Smear for Detection of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV Infected Patients

Marjani

Tabarsi

Baghaei

et al. 2012

Infectious Disease Reports

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We evaluated diagnostic yield of third sputum smear in patients co infected with HIV for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Among 139 pulmonary tuberculosis cases confirmed with positive sputum culture, diagnostic yield of first smear of sputum with acid fast staining was 81.9%. Incremental yield of 2nd and 3rd samples was 11.7% and 6.3% respectively. So two sputum smears may be enough for primary evaluation of HIV infected patients suspected to TB.

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“…The collection of at least three samples of spontaneously expectorated sputum on three different days is the standard diagnostic procedure for patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease [1,2]. For patients who are unable to expectorate, bronchial secretions, aspirated by fiberoptic bronchoscopy, or gastric washings (GWs) are collected [1,3].…”

Section: Sputum Induction Versus Gastric Washing For the Diagnosis Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%