How many response categories are sufficient for Likert type scales? An empirical study based on the Item Response Theory

Aybek, Eren Can; Toraman, Çetin

doi:10.21449/ijate.1132931

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the measurement spectrum was somewhat wider for longer responses. In addition, Aybek and Toraman (2022) reported that the response categories (5 and 7)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the measurement spectrum was somewhat wider for longer responses. In addition, Aybek and Toraman (2022) reported that the response categories (5 and 7) provided more test information and reliable measurements similarly at a broader range of ability than the ones with less response categories. Therefore, researchers are recommended to use a 5‐point response category, considering the ease of responding and accuracy and precision of estimates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Psychometric properties of the Cultural Intelligence Scale based on item response theory

Darandari,

Khayat

2023

Int J Selection Assessment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS), based on item response theory (IRT) using the graded response model (GRM). The study calibration sample included 400, while the study sample included 1000, male and female Saudi participants, aged between 18 and 62 years. IRT‐GRM results supported the quality of the psychometric properties of CQS, and its appropriateness to measure cultural intelligence (CQ) for the majority of individuals. CQS well‐distinguished people at different ability levels along the CQ latent trait, particularly with middle and low abilities. However, CQS full scale and subscales had less accurate measurement precision at high levels of CQ, and some subscales had more precision at low level abilities. CQS items had medium ability to differentiate among subjects, and they provided more information in evaluating individuals with medium CQ. Therefore, CQS might be more suitable for identification and development purposes, where low to med‐levels of CQ are expected. Additional assessment procedures need to be added, for selection or promotion purposes to increase the measurement precision. Confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed the multidimensional construct of CQS with four specific‐related factors at the first level, and an aggregate factor at the second level. This model provided better model fit using IRT‐GRM approach, and it was supported by classical test theory analysis results. Therefore, it is important to rely on subscale scores, besides the total score to interpret CQ for individuals. The study stressed the importance of examining CQS item parameters and information based on the country it is adapted for, to investigate how they interact with country culture; and to take into account ability level, when selecting optimal measures.

show abstract

“…However, the measurement spectrum was somewhat wider for longer responses. In addition, Aybek and Toraman (2022) reported that the response categories (5 and 7)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric properties of the Cultural Intelligence Scale based on item response theory

Darandari,

Khayat

2023

Int J Selection Assessment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A 5-point Likert scale was recommended by scholars in the scale development process because it provides an easier response process for respondents but does not pose a major disadvantage compared to the 7-point Likert scale in terms of reliability ( 78 ). The applied Likert scale ranges from strongly disagree to strongly agree, coded as 1 to 5, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of social influence on users' continuance intention toward sports and fitness applications

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this paper is to explore how social influence (SI), which is disaggregated into subjective norms (SN), social image (SIM), and social identity (SID), predicts perceived usefulness (PU), perceived pleasure (PP), and continuance intention (CI) toward sports and fitness applications. The underlying context is the socialization and gamification of exercise during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the theory of SI and the technology acceptance model, a theoretical framework was built where PU and PP mediate the influence of SI on CI, and proposed hypotheses were tested. The responses of 296 Keep users (a popular sports and fitness application in China) to a questionnaire survey were analyzed. SN and SIM were found to have significant positive effects on SID; SID has significant positive effects on PU and PP; both PU and PP have significant positive effects on the CI of users; SID and PU positively and significantly mediate the relationship between SN/SIM and CI; PU positively and significantly mediates the SID-CI relationship. However, the role of PP in mediating the influence of SI on CI is non-significant. This paper deepens the current understanding of the mechanisms that influence the relationship between SI and CI under the context of socialization and gamification services.

show abstract

“…The questionnaire was then revised based on the findings of the preliminary study and distributed to 200 more respondents. This study employed a Likert scale with sevenpoint response categories since this scale could provide more information function than a scale with fewer response categories and is more effective in terms of measurements and reliability functions (Aybek & Toraman, 2022). The items of the questionnaire used in this study were taken from several previous studies related to greenwash, green perceived risk, green perceived value, and green trust variables as shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Research Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Greenwash and Green Trust of Danone-Aqua as B Corporation Certified Company in Indonesia

Kristia

2023

JMUBH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amidst customers' growing awareness regarding their consumption's influence on environmental sustainability in consumption processes, many businesses must take necessary actions to maintain consumer trust that they embrace the same environmentally responsible values as customers. Greenwashing, which involves making misleading statements about a company's pro-environmental stance or failing to meet a commitment to lessen negative environmental impacts, has significantly eroded consumer trust. This study investigated the influence of perceived greenwashing on environmental trust and the mediating effect of perceived green risk and perceived green value. This study's sample consisted of 200 respondents selected using a method of purposive sampling based on the criterion of Generation Z members with knowledge of greenwashing methods and the B Corporation accreditation awarded to Danone-Aqua Indonesia. The data processing approach employs the SEM-PLS technique with the SmartPLS 3.0 application. The study results indicate that perceived greenwash has no significant effect on green trust, but the effect becomes significant when perceived green risk and value are present as mediating variables. Therefore, in order to maintain consumer trust in the company's performance in preserving the environment, Danone-AQUA is encouraged to make continuous efforts to increase customer perceived value and minimize the perceived risks that consumers experienced, including maintaining the B Corporation Accredition value excellent, amidst circulating greenwashing concerns.

show abstract

How many response categories are sufficient for Likert type scales? An empirical study based on the Item Response Theory

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Psychometric properties of the Cultural Intelligence Scale based on item response theory

Psychometric properties of the Cultural Intelligence Scale based on item response theory

Impact of social influence on users' continuance intention toward sports and fitness applications

Perceived Greenwash and Green Trust of Danone-Aqua as B Corporation Certified Company in Indonesia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About