How long does SARS-CoV-2 stay in the body?

Stokel-Walker, Chris

doi:10.1136/bmj.o1555

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…One of those hopes was that the covid pandemic was “over” in February (https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10493765/Boris-Johnson-declares-Covid-rules-MONTH.html),2 a political gambit to lift all restrictions that defied hard evidence and cold logic (doi:10.1136/bmj.o1, doi:10.1136/bmj.o1555, doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-069881). 345 SARS-CoV-2 never went away, even if its impact was dulled, and it is now most definitely back, sending people to hospital and intensive care (doi:10.1136/bmj.o1702). 6 Hospitals are reintroducing masking for staff (doi:10.1136/bmj.o1712),7 although the general public seems blissfully ignorant of the latest omicron variant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long covid and apheresis: a miracle cure sold on a hypothesis of hope

Abbasi¹

2022

BMJ

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long covid and apheresis: a miracle cure sold on a hypothesis of hope

Abbasi¹

2022

BMJ

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“…In addition, SARS-CoV-2 virus particles and essential structures have been found in several organs, such as the appendix, eyes, heart, and brain. 32 Survivors of SARS-CoV-2 infection also exhibit an increased risk of post-acute sequelae in the pulmonary and several extrapulmonary organ systems, including cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal disorders. 33 Whether these symptoms are caused by direct viral infection or the body’s response to the virus remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A strong signal was observed in extrapulmonary organoids, such as the penis, testes, prostate, and pampiniform plexus. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 virus particles and essential structures have been found in several organs, such as the appendix, eyes, heart, and brain . Survivors of SARS-CoV-2 infection also exhibit an increased risk of post-acute sequelae in the pulmonary and several extrapulmonary organ systems, including cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal disorders .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Positron Emission Tomography Tracer Targeting the S2 Subunit of SARS-CoV-2 in Extrapulmonary Infections

Xian

Huang

et al. 2022

Mol. Pharmaceutics

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Tracking the pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in live subjects may help estimate the spatiotemporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo . This study developed a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer of the S2 subunit of spike (S) protein for imaging SARS-CoV-2. A pan-coronavirus inhibitor, EK1 peptide, was synthesized and radiolabeled with copper-64 after being conjugated with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triyl-triacetic acid (NOTA). The in vitro stability tests indicated that [ 64 Cu]Cu-NOTA-EK1 was stable up to 24 h both in saline and in human serum. The binding assay showed that [ 64 Cu]Cu-NOTA-EK1 has a nanomolar affinity ( K i = 3.94 ± 0.51 nM) with the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2. The cell uptake evaluation used HEK293T/S + and HEK293T/S – cell lines that showed that the tracer has a high affinity with the S-protein on the cellular level. For the in vivo study, we tested [ 64 Cu]Cu-NOTA-EK1 in HEK293T/S + cell xenograft-bearing mice ( n = 3) and pseudovirus of SARS-CoV-2-infected HEK293T/ACE2 cell bearing mice ( n = 3). The best radioactive xenograft-to-muscle ratio ( X / N xenograft 8.04 ± 0.99, X / N pseudovirus 6.47 ± 0.71) was most evident 4 h postinjection. Finally, PET imaging in the surrogate mouse model of beta-coronavirus, mouse hepatic virus-A59 infection in C57BL/6 J mice showed significantly enhanced accumulation in the liver than in the uninfected mice (1.626 ± 0.136 vs 0.871 ± 0.086 %ID/g, n = 3, P < 0.05) at 4 h postinjection. In conclusion, our experimental results demonstrate that [ 64 Cu]Cu-NOTA-EK1 is a potential molecular imaging probe for tracking SARS-CoV-2 in extrapulmonary infections in living subjects.

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“…It has been hypothesized that this may be partly due to the gut epithelium having a high expression of the ACE2 receptors, rendering it a site of heightened viral activity. Additionally, widespread inflammation caused by the viral infection can also disrupt the gut microbiome, thereby inappropriately stimulating the regional nerves and causing abnormal gastrointestinal behaviour ( 9 , 152 , 153 ).…”

Section: Clinical Characterization Of Lcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long COVID: a review and proposed visualization of the complexity of long COVID

et al. 2023

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Post-Acute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, or Long COVID, is a prevailing second pandemic with nearly 100 million affected individuals globally and counting. We propose a visual description of the complexity of Long COVID and its pathogenesis that can be used by researchers, clinicians, and public health officials to guide the global effort toward an improved understanding of Long COVID and the eventual mechanism-based provision of care to afflicted patients. The proposed visualization or framework for Long COVID should be an evidence-based, dynamic, modular, and systems-level approach to the condition. Furthermore, with further research such a framework could establish the strength of the relationships between pre-existing conditions (or risk factors), biological mechanisms, and resulting clinical phenotypes and outcomes of Long COVID. Notwithstanding the significant contribution that disparities in access to care and social determinants of health have on outcomes and disease course of long COVID, our model focuses primarily on biological mechanisms. Accordingly, the proposed visualization sets out to guide scientific, clinical, and public health efforts to better understand and abrogate the health burden imposed by long COVID.

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How long does SARS-CoV-2 stay in the body?

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Long covid and apheresis: a miracle cure sold on a hypothesis of hope

Long covid and apheresis: a miracle cure sold on a hypothesis of hope

A Positron Emission Tomography Tracer Targeting the S2 Subunit of SARS-CoV-2 in Extrapulmonary Infections

Long COVID: a review and proposed visualization of the complexity of long COVID

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