2012
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036336
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How Linear Tension Converts to Curvature: Geometric Control of Bone Tissue Growth

Abstract: This study investigated how substrate geometry influences in-vitro tissue formation at length scales much larger than a single cell. Two-millimetre thick hydroxyapatite plates containing circular pores and semi-circular channels of 0.5 mm radius, mimicking osteons and hemi-osteons respectively, were incubated with MC3T3-E1 cells for 4 weeks. The amount and shape of the tissue formed in the pores, as measured using phase contrast microscopy, depended on the substrate geometry. It was further demonstrated, using… Show more

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Cited by 181 publications
(214 citation statements)
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“…In contrast, cells on convex structures adopt a snail‐like configuration with full contact to the substrate (Figure 3D). These observations are in accordance with the chord model presented by Bidan et al, that defines cells as tensile elements that are stretched upward between the focal adhesions on concave surfaces, while being pulled downward toward the surface on convex substrates 28. While the cell body on concave surfaces only partially adopted the curvature of the surface by lifting away from it, cells on convex surfaces had to bend and adopt their shape to the curvature of the surface (Figure 3D, and Movies S2 and S3, Supporting Information).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…In contrast, cells on convex structures adopt a snail‐like configuration with full contact to the substrate (Figure 3D). These observations are in accordance with the chord model presented by Bidan et al, that defines cells as tensile elements that are stretched upward between the focal adhesions on concave surfaces, while being pulled downward toward the surface on convex substrates 28. While the cell body on concave surfaces only partially adopted the curvature of the surface by lifting away from it, cells on convex surfaces had to bend and adopt their shape to the curvature of the surface (Figure 3D, and Movies S2 and S3, Supporting Information).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…The proposed hypothesis, 33 that osteoblasts are involved in mechanosensing in acellular bone, is supported by Kitamura et al's 76 demonstration in the (acellular and dermal) scales of goldfish of increased osteoblast but not osteoclast activity (via alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartarate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, respectively) in response to increased swimming activity, and by in vitro studies of mammalian mesenchymal tissue-derived cells at various stages of differentiation showing response to their mechanical environment. [77][78][79][80][81] Lu et al's 55 illustration in vitro of higher mechanosensitivity in mammalian osteocytes than osteoblasts, however, suggests perhaps a different level of osteoblast mechanosensitivity in fish bone, starkly different loading demands, bone material properties in fishes and mammals, and/or recruitment of other mechanosensors in addition to Bone without osteocytes R Shahar and MN Dean osteoblasts. Further studies of osteoblast and osteoclast activity, through in vivo performance and selective staining studies, examination of signaling pathways, and in vitro cell culture and mechanostimulation work, will help to clarify the roles of these cells in fish bone mechanobiology.…”
Section: Remodeling: Evidence For and Implications In Acellular Bonementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The total amount of tissue formed was dependent on the channel perimeter and was proportional to the local curvature. Other studies have also shown that the tissue growth rate was highly dependent on curvature [6,7,15]. Curvature sign was also found to be important, showing decreasing tissue growth from concave (negative curvature) to convex ( positive curvature) to flat (zero curvature) surfaces [6,[15][16][17].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 77%
“…Cells aim to reduce these forces by contracting their cytoskeleton, which subsequently leads to a flattening of the tissue surface. This has been attributed to the fact that cellular growth is not only controlled by biological signalling pathways but also by mechanical control mechanisms [6,7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%