How Lead Halide Complex Chemistry Dictates the Composition of Mixed Halide Perovskites

Yoon, Seog Joon; Stamplecoskie, Kevin G.; Kamat, Prashant V.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00433

Cited by 172 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These so-called Lewis adducts are comparable to the lead-halide cage in the final perovskite structure. [35] Thus, complex-forming solvents can be used to "pre-stretch" the PbI 2 lattice for the organic compounds that are incorporated into the structure via a molecule exchange reaction. [36] An example of this is depicted for DMSO and NMP in Figure 2b.…”

Section: Crystallization Through Complex Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Petrus

Schlipf

Cheng

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

304

201

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following statement: These materials can be processed from solution and yet exhibit optoelectronic materials properties described in classic solid-state physics textbooks. This unprecedented combination has led to photovoltaic devices that can be processed at room temperature and achieve performance levels similar to industry giant polycrystalline silicon, from a starting point of 3.8% in 2009. [1][2][3][4] The first light-emitting electrochemical cells [5] and diodes [6][7][8] have also been introduced recently, leading to tunable light emission spectra and internal quantum efficiencies exceeding 15%.The road towards these achievements has been marked by a constant improvement of perovskite deposition techniques fueled by our increasing understanding of the crystallization processes. The choice of deposition technique, either from solution or vapor, and the composition and order in which precursor species are applied has a great influence on the crystallization kinetics. Here, one can distinguish one-step methods where the perovskite is formed from a precursor mixture dissolved in a common solution, and two-step methods where the inorganic compound is deposited first and transformed to the perovskite phase later by addition of the organic constituents. [9][10][11] Furthermore, many parameters during processing can have an effect on the crystallization mechanism and consequently on film morphology, such as the choice of solvents, concentrations and processing additives that are often not incorporated into the final product. [11][12][13] We discuss this aspect in Section 2, where we focus our attention on the most commonly employed solution-based techniques. Additionally, as for any new technology trying to displace an incumbent technology, higher efficiencies, lower costs, reproducibility, stability, and sustainability are paramount. In particular, reproducibility has been a major challenge in perovskite solar cells from the beginning: small variations in morphology, like crystal size, film roughness, and pinholes can have detrimental effects on photovoltaic performance. [14] On the other hand, current-voltage measurements often showed a hysteresis that is rarely seen in other photovoltaic technologies. [15] These topics are highlighted in Sections 3 and 4. Finally, in Section 5 we discuss the framework for market introduction, such as cost reduction by choosing low-cost charge transport layers, or how the lifetime of perovskite absorbers can be extended by the choice of materials composition.Hybrid metal halide perovskites have become one of the hottest topics in optoelectronic materials research in recent years. Not only have they surpassed everyone's expectations and achieved similar performance as tried and true polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic devices, but they are also finding applications in a variety of different fields, including lighting. The main advantages of hybrid metal halide perovskites are simple processability, compatible with large-scale solution processing such as roll-to-roll printing, a...

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Section: Crystallization Through Complex Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Petrus

Schlipf

Cheng

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

304

201

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“…The organic-inorganic hybrid halide based perovskites are widely studied in the 1990s for the application in transistor technology and light emitting diodes, due to their excellent opto-electronic properties and solution processability of these materials [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Organic-inorganic hybrid halide based perovskites are a group of materials with the general formula ABX 3 , where A is an organic cation (CH 3 NH 3 + or NH 2 CH 3 NH 2 + ), B is a divalent cation (Pb 2+ or Sn 2+ ) and X is a monovalent halide anion (I − , Br − , or Cl − ) [16][17][18]. Organic-inorganic hybrid halide based perovskites was first used in photovoltaics as a sensitizer replacing the dye pigment in Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which reported a 3.8% PCE in 2009 [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Advancements

et al. 2016

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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a new class of optoelectronic semiconductors that revolutionized the photovoltaic research in the recent years. The perovskite solar cells present numerous advantages include unique electronic structure, bandgap tunability, superior charge transport properties, facile processing, and low cost. Perovskite solar cells have demonstrated unprecedented progress in efficiency and its architecture evolved over the period of the last 5-6 years, achieving a high power conversion efficiency of about 22% in 2016, serving as a promising candidate with the potential to replace the existing commercial PV technologies. This review discusses the progress of perovskite solar cells focusing on aspects such as superior electronic properties and unique features of halide perovskite materials compared to that of conventional light absorbing semiconductors. The review also presents a brief overview of device architectures, fabrication methods, and interface engineering of perovskite solar cells. The last part of the review elaborates on the major challenges such as hysteresis and stability issues in perovskite solar cells that serve as a bottleneck for successful commercialization of this promising PV technology.

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“…4(b) it can also be seen that the mixed Pb/Bi samples follow a trend that more closely resembles a transition from CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 to CH 3 NH 3 BiI 3 , rather than to CH 3 NH 3 BiI 3Àx Cl x , even though the precursors for CH 3 NH 3 BiI 3Àx Cl x were used for mixing, further indicating that halide exchange occurs. 35 To better understand the origin of each new feature observed in our GIWAXS measurements, X-ray scattering patterns of single phase powder samples were simulated the using CrystalDiffract 6 software package. 36 Crystal structures (.cif files) for CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and BiI 3 were taken from a previous report.…”

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confidence: 99%

An X-ray scattering and electron microscopy study of methylammonium bismuth perovskites for solar cell applications

Kwak

Barrows

Pearson³

et al. 2017

J. Mater. Res.

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ReuseUnless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. Photovoltaics made from organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite semiconductors are attracting significant interest due to their ability to harvest sunlight with remarkable efficiency. The presence of lead in the best performing devices raises concerns regarding their toxicity, a problem that may create barriers to commercialization. Hybrid perovskites with reduced lead content are being investigated to overcome this issue and here we evaluate bismuth as a possible lead substitute. For a series of hybrid perovskite films with the general composition CH 3 NH 3 (Pb y Bi 1Ày )I 3Àx Cl x , we characterize their optical and structural properties using UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering. We show that they form crystalline structures with an optical band gap, around 2 eV for CH 3 NH 3 BiI 3 . However, preliminary solar cell tests show low power conversion efficiencies (,0.01%) due to both incomplete precursor conversion and material de-wetting from the substrate. The overall outcome is severely limited photocurrent. With current processing methods the general applicability of hybrid bismuth perovskites in photovoltaics may be limited. ARTICLES

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How Lead Halide Complex Chemistry Dictates the Composition of Mixed Halide Perovskites

Cited by 172 publications

References 38 publications

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Advancements

An X-ray scattering and electron microscopy study of methylammonium bismuth perovskites for solar cell applications

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