How lava flows: New insights from applications of lidar technologies to lava flow studies

Cashman, Katharine V.; Soule, S. A.; Mackey, B. H.; Deligne, Natalia I.; Deardorff, N.; Dietterich, H. R.

doi:10.1130/ges00706.1

Cited by 53 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Over the course of an eruption, variations in time-averaged effusion rates may also reveal changes in magma supply (e.g., Poland et al 2012). Even when measurements are not possible during an eruption, retrospective analysis of lava flows provides an important basis for the development of lava flow hazard maps, especially where the surface area, flow volumes and history of effusive activity can be reconstructed (Cashman et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping and measuring lava volumes from 2002 to 2009 at El Reventador Volcano, Ecuador, from field measurements and satellite remote sensing

et al. 2016

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Estimates of lava volume, and thus effusion rate, are critical for assessing volcanic hazard and are a priority for volcano observatories with responsibility for monitoring. The choice of specific methods used to approximate lava volume depends on both volcanological and practical considerations; in particular, whether field measurements are possible and how often they can be repeated. Volcán El Reventador (Ecuador) is inaccessible, and field measurements can only be made infrequently at a few locations in its caldera. We present both planimetric field and topographic satellite radar-based measurements of lava flow thicknesses and volumes for activity at El Reventador between 2002 and 2009. Lava volumes estimates range from 75 ± 24 × 10 6 m 3 (based on field measurements of flow thickness) to 90 ± 37 × 10 6 m 3 (from satellite radar retrieval of flow thickness), corresponding to time-averaged effusion rates of 9 ± 4 m 3 /s and 7 ± 2 m 3 /s, respectively. Detailed flow mapping from aerial imagery demonstrate that lava effusion rate was at its peak at the start of each eruption phase and decreased over time. Measurements of lava thickness made from a small set of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferograms allowed the retrieval of the shape of the compound lava flow field and show that in 2009 it was subsiding by up to 6 cm/year. Satellite radar measurements thus have the potential to be a valuable supplement to ground-based monitoring at El Reventador and other inaccessible volcanoes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping and measuring lava volumes from 2002 to 2009 at El Reventador Volcano, Ecuador, from field measurements and satellite remote sensing

et al. 2016

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“…Ground-based surveys employing lidar or visible-light imagery with Structure-from-Motion can collect detailed three-dimensional data, but are limited in their spatial coverage and, in the case of lidar, high cost (Cashman et al 2013;Hamilton et al 2013). These limitations make groundbased approaches viable for studying isolated features, as opposed to landscape-scale phenomena.…”

Section: Lava Flow Monitoring Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lava flow hazard prediction and monitoring with UAS: a case study from the 2014–2015 Pāhoa lava flow crisis, Hawai‘i

2017

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Accurately predicting lava flow path behavior is critical for active crisis management operations. The advance and emplacement of pāhoehoe flows modifies and inverts pre-existing topography, prompting the need for rapid and accurate updates to the topographic models used to forecast flow paths. The evolution and velocity of pāhoehoe flows are dependent on macro and micro topography, the slope of the descent path, effusion rate, and rheology. During the 2014-2015 Pāhoa crisis on the island of Hawai'i, we used a low-altitude unmanned aerial system (UAS) to quickly and repeatedly image the active front of a slowly advancing pāhoehoe lava flow. This imagery was used to generate a series of 1 m resolution bare-earth digital elevation models (DEMs) and associated paths of steepest descent over the study area. The spatial resolution and timeliness of these UAS-derived models are an improvement over the existing topographic data used by managers during the crisis. Results from a stepwise resampling experiment suggest that the optimum DEM resolution for generating accurate pāhoehoe flow paths through lowland tropical forest environments is between 1 and 3 m. Our updated models show that future flows in this area will likely be deflected by these newly emplaced flows, possibly threatening communities not directly impacted by the original 2014-2015 lava flow. We demonstrate the value of deploying UAS during a dynamic volcanic crisis and suggest that this technology can fill critical monitoring gaps for Kīlauea and other active volcanoes worldwide.

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“…Among the most widespread techniques for surface reconstruction are: 1) light detection and ranging (LIDAR) [1]- [5]; 2) classic stereo-camera photogrammetry and structure-from-motion (SfM) multiview stereo (MVS) photogrammetry methods [6]- [10]; and 3) radar interferometry [11] (see also http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm).…”

Section: A Surface Modeling In Earth Sciences: Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The typical grid (pixel) sizes using this methodology are around 1 m [3], [19]. Cashman et al [1] presented a comprehensive review of how recent advances in laser 3-D surface scanning techniques have revolutionized our ability to map terrains and to monitor the evolution of active geologic surface features. They describe and evaluate the application of both airborne laser scanning (ALS) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) techniques for the interpretation of lava flow morphology and to provide an overview of capabilities to output flow ages through the use of relative surface roughness and surface spectral features.…”

Section: A Surface Modeling In Earth Sciences: Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Updating and Improvement of Airborne LIDAR DEMs Through Ground-Based SfM 3-D Modeling of Volcanic Features

Kolzenburg

Favalli

Isola

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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Abstract-We present a workflow to create, scale, georeference, and integrate digital elevation models (DEMs) created using open-source structure-from-motion (SfM) multiview stereo (MVS) software into existing DEMs (as derived from the light detection and ranging data in the presented cases). The workflow also maps the root-mean-square error between the base DEM and the SfM surface model. This allows DEM creation from field-based surveys using consumer-grade digital cameras with open-source and custom-built software. We employ this workflow on three examples of different scales and morphology: 1) a scoria cone on Mt. Etna; 2) a lava channel on Mauna Ulu (Kīlauea); and 3) a flank collapse scar on Mt. Etna. This represents a new approach for rapid low-cost construction and updating of existing DEMs at high temporal and spatial resolutions and for areas of up to several thousand square meters. We assess the self-consistency of the method by comparison of DEMs of the same features, created from independent data sets acquired on the same day and from the same vantage points. We further evaluate the effect of grid cell size on the reconstruction error. This method uses existing DEMs as a georeferencing tool and can therefore be used in limited access and potentially hazardous areas as it no longer relies exclusively on control targets on the ground.

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How lava flows: New insights from applications of lidar technologies to lava flow studies

Cited by 53 publications

References 114 publications

Mapping and measuring lava volumes from 2002 to 2009 at El Reventador Volcano, Ecuador, from field measurements and satellite remote sensing

Mapping and measuring lava volumes from 2002 to 2009 at El Reventador Volcano, Ecuador, from field measurements and satellite remote sensing

Lava flow hazard prediction and monitoring with UAS: a case study from the 2014–2015 Pāhoa lava flow crisis, Hawai‘i

Rapid Updating and Improvement of Airborne LIDAR DEMs Through Ground-Based SfM 3-D Modeling of Volcanic Features

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