"How Is Smoking Handled in Your Home?": Agreement Between Parental Reports on Home Smoking Bans in the United States, 1995-2007

Xiao, Zhou; Martínez-Donate, Ana P.; Kuo, Daphne; Jones, Nathan R.

doi:10.1093/ntr/nts005

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A smoke-free household is a single-parent household in which the parent reports a voluntary smoke-free home rule or a 2-parent household in which at least 1 parent reports voluntary smoke-free home rules. A previous study indicated that discordance between parental reports of home rule decreased over time and has dropped to below 5% among 2-parent households with children and at least 1 smoking parent by 2007 (16), making the use of a single parental report reliable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Practices and Attitudes Related to Smoke-Free Rules in Homes, Cars, and Outdoor Playgrounds in US Households With Underage Children and Smokers, 2010–2011

Xiao¹,

Martínez-Donate²,

Rhoads³

2015

Prev. Chronic Dis.

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IntroductionA smoke-free environment protects children from exposure to involuntary smoke and also can reduce or prevent future smoking behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine levels and correlates of parental behavior and attitudes related to voluntary smoke-free rules in homes, cars, and outdoor children’s play areas among US households with underage children and 1 or more smoking parents.MethodsWe used data from the 2010–2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey and logistic regressions to model behavior and attitudes related to voluntary smoke-free rules in 3 settings.ResultsOverall, 60.1% of households with children and at least 1 smoking parent had voluntary smoke-free home rules. Approximately 84.6% and 71.5% of parents thought that smoking should not be allowed inside cars with children present and in outdoor play areas, respectively. Positive parental behavior and attitudes related to voluntary smoke-free rules were more likely among households with 2 parents, parents of higher education and household income, Hispanic parents, and parents of infants (P < .05).ConclusionTobacco control and prevention efforts are needed to promote the voluntary adoption of smoke-free rules in homes, private cars, and outdoor children’s play areas. Most parents from smoker households with underage children were supportive of smoke-free laws for cars and outdoor children’s play areas, providing evidence and encouragement to policy makers to take action to restrict smoking in these locations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Practices and Attitudes Related to Smoke-Free Rules in Homes, Cars, and Outdoor Playgrounds in US Households With Underage Children and Smokers, 2010–2011

Xiao¹,

Martínez-Donate²,

Rhoads³

2015

Prev. Chronic Dis.

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“…One study using annual data from the Tobacco Use Supplement of the US Current Population Survey estimated prevalence rates of discordant/concordant parental smoking ban reports by survey period. 3 Overall, the percentage of households in which two parents gave discordant reports on a full home smoking ban decreased significantly from 12.7% to 2.8% from 1995 to 2007. These discrepancies, while decreasing over time, suggest possible enforcement challenges in these homes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The home is often the primary source of secondhand smoke exposure (SHS) for children and nonsmokers, particularly among those living with a smoker. [1][2][3][4][5] Although prevalence of smoke-free homes has increased dramatically over the past two decades, almost half of households with a smoker still allow smoking in the home. 3,[6][7][8] This suggests that, although smoke-free homes are becoming the norm, it still remains either challenging or a low priority for many households.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Enforcing Home Smoking Rules in a Low-Income Population: Implications for Measurement and Intervention Design

Kegler¹,

Haardörfer²,

Berg³

et al. 2015

NICTOB

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“…Of note, these studies relied on a single reporter for home smoking ban status. However, individuals within the same household may have different views or understandings about their home smoking ban, which may reflect lax enforcement or partial restrictions and result in higher levels of exposure among nonsmokers [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Indeed, in a 2011 study of 388 multiethnic households with at least one smoker, 19% of parent–child pairs had discordant reports of home smoking ban status [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home Smoking Bans and Urinary NNAL Levels to Measure Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Chinese American Household Pairs

Chang

Dove

Saw

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Home smoking bans can reduce tobacco smoke exposure, but little is known about the impact for Chinese American household pairs. In this study of 202 household pairs with low acculturation, 53.9% reported a home smoking ban, 31.7% had inconsistent reports, and 14.4% reported no ban. With decreasing home smoking ban enforcement, more nonsmokers had tobacco smoke exposure (66.1%–86.2%) as measured by the tobacco-specific nitrosamine biomarker urine NNAL (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol). Despite reported bans, about one-quarter of nonsmokers still reported tobacco smoke exposure at home (23.6%–30%) within the past 2 months and three-quarters reported outdoor exposure. In adjusted regression analyses of geometric mean NNAL ratios, nonsmokers in households with no ban had over two times higher levels than nonsmokers in households with a ban: adjusted log NNAL ratio = 2.70 (95% CI 1.21, 6.03). Higher smoker NNAL level and nonsmoker English fluency were also significantly associated with nonsmoker NNAL levels. Nonsmoker levels in households with an inconsistent ban were not significantly different compared to those with a ban. Although home smoking bans were generally associated with lower NNAL levels, tobacco smoke exposure in this immigrant population with low English proficiency was higher than that of the general population. From a health equity standpoint, there is a need for broader implementation and enforcement of comprehensive smoke-free policies.

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"How Is Smoking Handled in Your Home?": Agreement Between Parental Reports on Home Smoking Bans in the United States, 1995-2007

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Parental Practices and Attitudes Related to Smoke-Free Rules in Homes, Cars, and Outdoor Playgrounds in US Households With Underage Children and Smokers, 2010–2011

Parental Practices and Attitudes Related to Smoke-Free Rules in Homes, Cars, and Outdoor Playgrounds in US Households With Underage Children and Smokers, 2010–2011

Challenges in Enforcing Home Smoking Rules in a Low-Income Population: Implications for Measurement and Intervention Design

Home Smoking Bans and Urinary NNAL Levels to Measure Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Chinese American Household Pairs

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