How Insecurity Is Transforming Migration Patterns in the North American Corridor: Lessons from Michoacán

Bada, Xóchitl; Feldmann, Andreas

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-89384-6_3

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The visible presence of internally displaced people in large cities and at the US border is dramatic, and human rights groups are beginning to produce regular reports (CMDPDH 2019). Because of ineffective government action to address organized crime and the impunity with which it operatesas well as continued government support for extractive industriesrural forced displacement appears to have spiked in the past decade (Alvarado 2015;Cantor 2014;Bada and Feldmann 2019;Gil Olmos 2016;Rubio Díaz-Leal and Pérez 2015). In 2014 government surveys, 6% of interstate migrants reported that public insecurity and violence were the primary reasons for their decision to migrate (Gordillo de Anda and Plassot 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent rurality in Mexico and ‘the right to stay home’

Bada

2021

The Journal of Peasant Studies

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This study compares Mexico's rural population and cross-border out-migration trends between 2000 and 2010 censuses. In spite of widespread predictions of post-NAFTA depopulation, the size of Mexico's rural population has remained steady. This study documents the significant absolute size and geographic concentration of Mexico's persistent rural population as well as the decreasing rate of outmigration to the United States. Mexico experienced two contradictory trends between 2000 and 2010: (1) migration intensity increased in one-third of predominantly rural municipalities, while (2) more than half of the rural population continued to live in municipalities with low dependency on cross-border migration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent rurality in Mexico and ‘the right to stay home’

Bada

2021

The Journal of Peasant Studies

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“…To explore this question, I consider residents who resist displacement from criminal organizations. Criminal gangs provoke displacement in cities across Latin America (Bada & Feldmann, 2019, p. 69; Cantor, 2014, pp. 35, 39; Muggah, 2015, pp.…”

Section: A Theory Of Residents Leveraging Interpersonal Ties To Resismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the peripheries of many Latin American cities, criminal organizations govern over communities, from providing goods and services to regulating residents’ behaviors, from collecting “taxes” to defending territory (Arias & Barnes, 2017; Duncan, 2014). Forced displacement is a tool some criminal organizations wield to achieve these governance aims (Bada & Feldmann, 2019; Cantor, 2014). Despite the violence in these gang-controlled territories, most people manage to remain in their homes and communities.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…While several scholars of comparative politics consider criminal governance (e.g., Arias, 2017; Arias & Barnes, 2017), few study an important governance strategy employed by criminal organizations, namely forced expulsion. And among the exceptions (e.g., Bada & Feldmann, 2019; Muggah, 2015), none—to this author’s knowledge—are studying how residents resist displacement at the hands of these criminal gangs. This paper identifies a new mechanism—namely, interpersonal connections—for how residents threatened with credible violence remain in place, making an important contribution to the broader literature on civilian agency in conflicts (e.g., Wood, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Resisting Displacement: Leveraging Interpersonal Ties to Remain despite Criminal Violence in Medellín, Colombia

Marston

2020

Comparative Political Studies

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Although civilians across the globe are fleeing conflict in record numbers, the reality is that far more remain behind. In addition to traditional wars, people stay in territories governed by criminal organizations. How might individuals threatened with displacement by a criminal gang manage to resist? Drawing on intensive participant observation and interviews in marginal neighborhoods of Medellín, Colombia, I argue that the urban residents most likely to remain despite being at risk of displacement are the “well connected.” Despite threats, they leverage ties to a community figure or member of the armed group to stay. I test a number of related hypotheses using an original survey and survey experiment. Unlike other work stressing that residents are trapped by scant resources or remain only by joining local associations or belligerents, my theory reveals residents’ agency and neutrality as they seek safety and security in conditions of state absence.

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“…Violence has been associated with the displacement of thousands of Mexican families to other regions in the country (Atuesta and Paredes 2016;IDMC 2012;Martínez 2017). There is even evidence of a number of Mexicans immigrating to the United States due to growing insecurity (Arceo-Gómez 2013; Bada and Feldmann 2019;Ríos Contreras 2014).…”

Section: Criminal Violence In Mexicomentioning

confidence: 99%

The 3×1 Programme and criminal violence in Mexico

García

2019

Global Networks

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Are levels of criminal violence lower where emigrants collaborate with the state authorities in the funding and provision of public goods and services? In this article, I examine the causal effect on violence levels in the municipalities participating in Mexico's Three‐for‐One (3×1) Programme for Migrants. Using municipal‐level data for the period between 2001 and 2010, the analysis shows that the implementation of this programme led to an increase in violence in the municipalities in question, and that this effect is driven by the ‘war on drugs’ initiated by the Mexican government in 2006. Because cartels splinter when kingpins are captured, they look for sources of revenue other than drug smuggling. The budgetary gains obtained via the 3×1 Programme inadvertently increased the returns of extortion and directed the attention of organized criminals to the participant municipalities. The evidence highlights some of the unintended effects that the leveraging of emigrants' money may have in home countries where governments make the so‐called ‘kingpin strategy’ a centrepiece of their security strategy.

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How Insecurity Is Transforming Migration Patterns in the North American Corridor: Lessons from Michoacán

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Persistent rurality in Mexico and ‘the right to stay home’

Persistent rurality in Mexico and ‘the right to stay home’

Resisting Displacement: Leveraging Interpersonal Ties to Remain despite Criminal Violence in Medellín, Colombia

The 3×1 Programme and criminal violence in Mexico

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