How Immersion, Presence, Emotion, &amp; Workload Differ in Virtual Reality and Traditional Game Mediums

Lum, Heather C.; Greatbatch, Richard L.; Waldfogle, Grace E.; Benedict, Jacob

doi:10.1177/1541931218621334

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The observed difference in the 1st session and the absence of a difference in the later sessions’ durations postulates that when users are familiarized with the VR technology, while the influence of their gaming experience on the session’s duration becomes insignificant. In support of this, a recent study showed that user gaming experience does not affect the perceived workload of the users in VR (Lum et al, 2018). Hence, the level of familiarization of the participants with the VR technology appears to affect substantially the duration of the VR session.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Validation of the Virtual Reality Neuroscience Questionnaire: Maximum Duration of Immersive Virtual Reality Sessions Without the Presence of Pertinent Adverse Symptomatology

Kourtesis

Collina

Doumas

et al. 2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

113

106

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There are major concerns about the suitability of immersive virtual reality (VR) systems (i.e., head-mounted display; HMD) to be implemented in research and clinical settings, because of the presence of nausea, dizziness, disorientation, fatigue, and instability (i.e., VR induced symptoms and effects; VRISE). Research suggests that the duration of a VR session modulates the presence and intensity of VRISE, but there are no suggestions regarding the appropriate maximum duration of VR sessions. The implementation of high-end VR HMDs in conjunction with ergonomic VR software seems to mitigate the presence of VRISE substantially. However, a brief tool does not currently exist to appraise and report both the quality of software features and VRISE intensity quantitatively. The Virtual Reality Neuroscience Questionnaire (VRNQ) was developed to assess the quality of VR software in terms of user experience, game mechanics, in-game assistance, and VRISE. Forty participants aged between 28 and 43 years were recruited (18 gamers and 22 non-gamers) for the study. They participated in 3 different VR sessions until they felt weary or discomfort and subsequently filled in the VRNQ. Our results demonstrated that VRNQ is a valid tool for assessing VR software as it has good convergent, discriminant, and construct validity. The maximum duration of VR sessions should be between 55 and 70 min when the VR software meets or exceeds the parsimonious cut-offs of the VRNQ and the users are familiarized with the VR system. Also, the gaming experience does not seem to affect how long VR sessions should last. Also, while the quality of VR software substantially modulates the maximum duration of VR sessions, age and education do not. Finally, deeper immersion, better quality of graphics and sound, and more helpful in-game instructions and prompts were found to reduce VRISE intensity. The VRNQ facilitates the brief assessment and reporting of the quality of VR software features and/or the intensity of VRISE, while its minimum and parsimonious cut-offs may appraise the suitability of VR software for implementation in research and clinical settings. The findings of this study contribute to the establishment of rigorous VR methods that are crucial for the viability of immersive VR as a research and clinical tool in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Validation of the Virtual Reality Neuroscience Questionnaire: Maximum Duration of Immersive Virtual Reality Sessions Without the Presence of Pertinent Adverse Symptomatology

Kourtesis

Collina

Doumas

et al. 2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

113

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Computer technology that is increasingly developing makes VR also developed in various fields, ranging from education, health, psychology, and rehabilitation. Principally, the level of immersion and presence in the VR and other technology media are different (Lum et al, 2018). The critical factor of VR is the deep level of immersion and presence in the virtual sphere.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Vr Technology As Media In Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nature of resembling the reality of VR is often associated with the future of technology in fictional movies and series, but VR is also often identified as a supplement to video games experience (Ludlow, 2015). The user engagement in VR signifies the difference in the level of immersion and presence in the traditional game and VR's game (Lum et al, 2018). A virtual sphere with a high immersion of engagement calls for the roles of the designer in designing the virtual world environment (Welty & Setiawan, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immersion and Presence in Virtual Reality to Alleviate Anxiety Disorder

Nurmalasari

2020

aspikom

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Mediated communication has become essential as the current development of technology advances. Virtual reality as an audiovisual technology with the ability to simulate a virtual environment similar to the environment in the real world plays a vital role in mediating communication. On the other hand, nowadays, issues about mental health, especially anxiety disorder, spread vastly and become a public concern. This paper aims to see how virtual reality as a medium of communication can reduce anxiety disorders by creating ambient co-presence. The method used was meta-synthesis with a meta-aggregation approach to get comprehensive results. The research found that two main factors exist in virtual reality, namely immersion and presence, which are important factors in mediated communication. These two factors can create ambient co-presence, so they can be applied to reduce mental illness, namely anxiety disorder.

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“…On the other hand, presence has been defined as the subjective and psychological reaction to immersive environments (Fromberger et al, 2015). As already introduced in the previous section of the present article, some studies have systematically used the terminology "immersion" and "presence" as synonyms (e.g., Jennett et al, 2008;Amin et al, 2016;Papachristos et al, 2017;Lum et al, 2018). In the present review, the word "presence" will be preferred for the description of the psychological and subjective feeling of being in a VE.…”

Section: Terminological Clarificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Questionnaire Measures and Physiological Correlates of Presence: A Systematic Review

2020

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The published literature has produced several definitions for the sense of presence in a simulated environment, as well as various methods for measuring it. The variety of conceptualizations makes it difficult for researchers to interpret, compare, and evaluate the presence ratings obtained from individual studies. Presence has been measured by employing questionnaires, physiological indices, behavioral feedbacks, and interviews. A systematic literature review was conducted to provide insight into the definitions and measurements of presence in studies from 2002 to 2019, with a focus on questionnaires and physiological measures. The review showed that scholars had introduced various definitions of presence that often originate from different theoretical standpoints and that this has produced a multitude of different questionnaires that aim to measure presence. At the same time, physiological studies that investigate the physiological correlates of the sense of presence have often shown ambiguous results or have not been replicated. Most of the scholars have preferred the use of questionnaires, with Witmer and Singer's Presence Questionnaire being the most prevalent. Among the physiological measures, electroencephalography was the most frequently used. The conclusions of the present review aim to stimulate future structured efforts to standardize the use of the construct of presence, as well as inspire the replication of the findings reported in the published literature.

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How Immersion, Presence, Emotion, & Workload Differ in Virtual Reality and Traditional Game Mediums

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Validation of the Virtual Reality Neuroscience Questionnaire: Maximum Duration of Immersive Virtual Reality Sessions Without the Presence of Pertinent Adverse Symptomatology

Validation of the Virtual Reality Neuroscience Questionnaire: Maximum Duration of Immersive Virtual Reality Sessions Without the Presence of Pertinent Adverse Symptomatology

Immersion and Presence in Virtual Reality to Alleviate Anxiety Disorder

Questionnaire Measures and Physiological Correlates of Presence: A Systematic Review

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