How hybrid-electric vehicles are different from conventional vehicles: the effect of weight and power on fuel consumption

Reynolds, Conor C. O.; Kandlikar, Milind

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/2/1/014003

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Consequently, HEV's provide environmental improvements in the use-phase [16], and the current fleet (2007 vehicles) reduces carbon emissions by an average of 6 t per vehicle over its lifetime [14]. Such benefits come from the use of a smaller, more efficient ICE; an electric motor that either enhances or substitutes the torque of the ICE during the drive cycle; and regenerative braking which captures dissipative energy and uses it to recharge the Nickel metal hydride battery used to power the electric motor.…”

Section: Hybrid Electric Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We obtain base prices for all HEV models from the website for Sympatico, MSN Autos. 14 We incorporate information on model generations, which are major overhauls of the same model. For example, the first generation of the Honda Accord sold as the Honda Accord model year 1976 to 1981, and the eighth (current) generation started selling as the Honda Accord model year 2008.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green drivers or free riders? An analysis of tax rebates for hybrid vehicles

Chandra

Gulati

Kandlikar

2010

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

221

107

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Section: Hybrid Electric Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Green drivers or free riders? An analysis of tax rebates for hybrid vehicles

Chandra

Gulati

Kandlikar

2010

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management

221

107

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“…Reynolds and Kandlikar [17]. They compared HEVs to conventional vehicles to statistically determine how vehicle weight and system power can affect fuel consumption.…”

Section: Vehicle Mass and Inertiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle Inertia Impact on Fuel Consumption of Conventional and Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Acceleration and Coast Driving Strategy

Lee

Nelson

Lohse-Busch³

2009

SAE Technical Paper Series

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In the past few years, the price of petroleum based fuels, especially vehicle fuels such as gasoline and diesel, has been increasing at a significant rate. Consequently, there is much more consumer interest related to reducing fuel consumption for conventional vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) than in the past.The goal of many competitions and challenges held in North America and Europe is to achieve extremely low fuel consumption. A possible strategy to reduce fuel consumption is to use the vehicle's fuel converter such as an engine to accelerate the vehicle to a high speed and coast to a lower speed with the engine off. This method will reduce fuel flow to zero during the coast phase. Also, the vehicle uses higher power engine load to accelerate to the upper vehicle speed in a limited time, thus increasing the engine brake thermal efficiency. This strategy is known as "pulse and glide" or "burn and coast" in some references.In this study, the "pulse and glide" (PnG) method is first applied to a conventional vehicle to quantify the fuel consumption benefits when compared to steady speed conditions over the same distance. After that, an HEV is used as well to investigate if a hybrid system can further reduce fuel consumption with the proposed strategy. Note that the HEV used in this study has the advantage that the engine can be automatically shut off below a certain speed (~40 mph) at low loads, however a driver must shut off the engine manually in a conventional vehicle to apply this driving strategy.iii In this document, three preliminary results of the PnG driving strategy are presented; (1) improved fuel economy for a conventional vehicle from a simple spread sheet model, (2) improved fuel economy for an HEV from a dynamic vehicle simulation model (the Powertrain Analysis Toolkit (PSAT)) and (3) improved fuel economy for an HEV from vehicle testing at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), all compared to steady speed conditions. The preliminary results show that the impact of engine load and kinetic energy stored in vehicle inertia is significant for fuel consumption using a PnG driving strategy compared to steady speed driving at the same average speed case. Especially, fuel economy can be improved at low speed range and higher acceleration because the aerodynamic drag force is smaller at low speed and the engine is running in a more efficient region for a short period of time respectively. In the last section, proposed directions of research are addressed based on the preliminary results.iv

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“…After each configuration was simulated, the vehicle position, velocity, and acceleration were compared to Eqs. (8), (14) and (15), respectively. The simulation results were within 2% of the design equations.…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel, Elastically-Based, Regenerative Brake and Launch Assist Mechanism

Nieman

Myszka

Murray

2014

Volume 5B: 38th Mechanisms and Robotics Conference

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This paper presents the development of a regenerative brake and launch assist (RBLA) mechanism that stores energy in an elastic medium. Automotive regenerative braking systems harness kinetic energy while a vehicle decelerates, and subsequently uses that stored energy to assist propulsion. Commercially available hybrid vehicles use generators, batteries, and motors to electrically implement regenerative braking and increase overall vehicle efficiency. With the intent to apply regenerative braking technology to conventional automobiles equipped with only an internal combustion engine, a spring-based mechanical device is proposed. This RBLA concept implements clutches, gears, a ratchet and a spring. The mechanism captures energy from, and releases energy to, an additional shaft allowing the axle to continually rotate. Governing equations were formulated and validated by a dynamic simulation. In creating the detailed design, an optimization determined ideal spring and mechanism dimensions. A physical prototype was designed and fabricated to demonstrate the concept. A model of the proposed springbased RBLA shows an increase in the urban fuel efficiency for an average sedan.

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How hybrid-electric vehicles are different from conventional vehicles: the effect of weight and power on fuel consumption

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

Green drivers or free riders? An analysis of tax rebates for hybrid vehicles

Green drivers or free riders? An analysis of tax rebates for hybrid vehicles

Vehicle Inertia Impact on Fuel Consumption of Conventional and Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Acceleration and Coast Driving Strategy

A Novel, Elastically-Based, Regenerative Brake and Launch Assist Mechanism

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