How Human Is Human Connectional Neuroanatomy?

Rushmore, R. Jarrett; Bouix, Sylvain; Kubicki, Marek; Rathi, Yogesh; Yeterian, Edward H.; Makris, Nikos

doi:10.3389/fnana.2020.00018

Cited by 15 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Despite the collections of dissection, tracer and dMRI studies on the visual system, we do not fully understand detailed spatial organization of the white matter tracts in the visual system because there remains a large gap between studies performed by different methods ( Takemura et al, 2019b ; Rushmore et al, 2020 ). Specifically, while tracers are well suited to measure specific connections from or to injection sites, this method is not able to visualize the entire fiber tracts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of nerve fiber bundles at micrometer-resolution in the vervet monkey visual system

Takemura

Palomero‐Gallagher

Axer

et al. 2020

eLife

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Although the primate visual system has been extensively studied, detailed spatial organization of white matter fiber tracts carrying visual information between areas has not been fully established. This is mainly due to the large gap between tracer studies and diffusion-weighted MRI studies, which focus on specific axonal connections and macroscale organization of fiber tracts, respectively. Here we used 3D polarization light imaging (3D-PLI), which enables direct visualization of fiber tracts at micrometer resolution, to identify and visualize fiber tracts of the visual system, such as stratum sagittale, inferior longitudinal fascicle, vertical occipital fascicle, tapetum and dorsal occipital bundle in vervet monkey brains. Moreover, 3D-PLI data provide detailed information on cortical projections of these tracts, distinction between neighboring tracts, and novel short-range pathways. This work provides essential information for interpretation of functional and diffusion-weighted MRI data, as well as revision of wiring diagrams based upon observations in the vervet visual system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of nerve fiber bundles at micrometer-resolution in the vervet monkey visual system

Takemura

Palomero‐Gallagher

Axer

et al. 2020

eLife

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“…A comparative approach is crucial for translating experimental animal results to humans. For cerebral cortical anatomy and structural connectivity, correspondence between macaque and human brain structures allows for accurate translation of findings (e.g., Bowden and Martin, 1995 ; Bowden and Dubach, 2003 ; Bowden et al, 2012 ; Swanson, 2015 ; Rushmore et al, 2020b ). We have recently discussed the importance of comparative approaches for our understanding of human brain neuroanatomy ( Rushmore et al, 2020a , b ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For cerebral cortical anatomy and structural connectivity, correspondence between macaque and human brain structures allows for accurate translation of findings (e.g., Bowden and Martin, 1995 ; Bowden and Dubach, 2003 ; Bowden et al, 2012 ; Swanson, 2015 ; Rushmore et al, 2020b ). We have recently discussed the importance of comparative approaches for our understanding of human brain neuroanatomy ( Rushmore et al, 2020a , b ). In the present study, we developed a comparative morphometric method for both monkey and human brains and created parcellation frameworks in both species using the same software tools, and comparable ontologies and anatomical criteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HOA2.0-ComPaRe: A next generation Harvard-Oxford Atlas comparative parcellation reasoning method for human and macaque individual brain parcellation and atlases of the cerebral cortex

et al. 2022

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Comparative structural neuroanatomy is a cornerstone for understanding human brain structure and function. A parcellation framework that relates systematically to fundamental principles of histological organization is an essential step in generating structural comparisons between species. In the present investigation, we developed a comparative parcellation reasoning system (ComPaRe), which is a formal ontological system in human and non-human primate brains based on the cortical cytoarchitectonic mapping used for both species as detailed by Brodmann. ComPaRe provides a theoretical foundation for mapping neural systems in humans and other species using neuroimaging. Based on this approach, we revised the methodology of the original Harvard-Oxford Atlas (HOA) system of brain parcellation to produce a comparative framework for the human (hHOA) and the rhesus monkey (mHOA) brains, which we refer to as HOA2.0-ComPaRe. In addition, we used dedicated segmentation software in the publicly available 3D Slicer platform to parcellate an individual human and rhesus monkey brain. This method produces quantitative morphometric parcellations in the individual brains. Based on these parcellations we created a representative template and 3D brain atlas for the two species, each based on a single subject. Thus, HOA2.0-ComPaRe provides a theoretical foundation for mapping neural systems in humans and other species using neuroimaging, while also representing a significant revision of the original human and macaque monkey HOA parcellation schemas. The methodology and atlases presented here can be used in basic and clinical neuroimaging for morphometric (volumetric) analysis, further generation of atlases, as well as localization of function and structural lesions.

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“…User-defined holographic reconstructions of hyperdirect pathway fibers from structural MRI scans and histological data have been proposed to provide novel anatomical priors for human connectomic analysis ( 21 ). However, the reconstructed hyperdirect pathway fibers were defined based on scientific studies generated in the macaque brain, thus the approach presents the same limitations as other studies mapping results of non-human primates into human subjects ( 22 ). Diffusion MRI tractography enables the non-invasive exploration of white matter fibers at the individual patient scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatotopic Organization of Hyperdirect Pathway Projections From the Primary Motor Cortex in the Human Brain

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective neurosurgical target to improve motor symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients. MR-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) subthalamotomy is being explored as a therapeutic alternative to Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the STN. The hyperdirect pathway provides a direct connection between the cortex and the STN and is likely to play a key role in the therapeutic effects of MRgFUS intervention in PD patients.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the topography and somatotopy of hyperdirect pathway projections from the primary motor cortex (M1).MethodsWe used advanced multi-fiber tractography and high-resolution diffusion MRI data acquired on five subjects of the Human Connectome Project (HCP) to reconstruct hyperdirect pathway projections from M1. Two neuroanatomy experts reviewed the anatomical accuracy of the tracts. We extracted the fascicles arising from the trunk, arm, hand, face and tongue area from the reconstructed pathways. We assessed the variability among subjects based on the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of the fibers. We evaluated the spatial arrangement of the different fascicles using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of spatial overlap and the centroids of the bundles.ResultsWe successfully reconstructed hyperdirect pathway projections from M1 in all five subjects. The tracts were in agreement with the expected anatomy. We identified hyperdirect pathway fascicles projecting from the trunk, arm, hand, face and tongue area in all subjects. Tract-derived measurements showed low variability among subjects, and similar distributions of FA and MD values among the fascicles projecting from different M1 areas. We found an anterolateral somatotopic arrangement of the fascicles in the corona radiata, and an average overlap of 0.63 in the internal capsule and 0.65 in the zona incerta.ConclusionMulti-fiber tractography combined with high-resolution diffusion MRI data enables the identification of the somatotopic organization of the hyperdirect pathway. Our preliminary results suggest that the subdivisions of the hyperdirect pathway projecting from the trunk, arm, hand, face, and tongue motor area are intermixed at the level of the zona incerta and posterior limb of the internal capsule, with a predominantly overlapping topographical organization in both regions. Subject-specific knowledge of the hyperdirect pathway somatotopy could help optimize target definition in MRgFUS intervention.

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How Human Is Human Connectional Neuroanatomy?

Cited by 15 publications

References 73 publications

Anatomy of nerve fiber bundles at micrometer-resolution in the vervet monkey visual system

Anatomy of nerve fiber bundles at micrometer-resolution in the vervet monkey visual system

HOA2.0-ComPaRe: A next generation Harvard-Oxford Atlas comparative parcellation reasoning method for human and macaque individual brain parcellation and atlases of the cerebral cortex

Somatotopic Organization of Hyperdirect Pathway Projections From the Primary Motor Cortex in the Human Brain

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