How host gender affects the bacterial community in pig feces and its correlation to skatole production

Zhou, Zhijian; Zheng, Weijiang; Shang, Weiwei; Du, Huanli; Li, Genlai; Yao, Wen

doi:10.1007/s13213-015-1079-0

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It may also be that FE is influencing the intestinal microbiota, meaning that pigs with low RFI are more feed efficient for a number of reasons, and because of this, they have a somewhat different microbiota; but, further studies are needed to elucidate such causality. Furthermore, as sex influences FE in pigs, one might expect differences in the microbiota profiles due to sex, as previously reported (36). However, no association with sex was observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Exploring a Possible Link between the Intestinal Microbiota and Feed Efficiency in Pigs

McCormack

Curião

Buzoianu

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

253

208

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Feed efficiency (FE) is critical in pig production for both economic and environmental reasons. As the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in energy harvest, it is likely to influence FE. Therefore, our aim was to characterize the intestinal microbiota of pigs ranked as low, medium, and high residual feed intake ([RFI] a metric for FE), where genetic, nutritional, and management effects were minimized, to explore a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and FE. Eightyone pigs were ranked according to RFI between weaning and day 126 postweaning, and 32 were selected as the extremes in RFI (12 low, 10 medium, and 10 high). Intestinal microbiota diversity, composition, and predicted functionality were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although no differences in microbial diversity were found, some RFI-associated compositional differences were revealed, principally among members of Firmicutes, predominantly in feces at slaughter (albeit mainly for low-abundance taxa). In particular, microbes associated with a leaner and healthier host (e.g., Christensenellaceae, Oscillibacter, and Cellulosilyticum) were enriched in low RFI (more feed-efficient) pigs. Differences were also observed in the ileum of low RFI pigs; most notably, Nocardiaceae (Rhodococcus) were less abundant. Predictive functional analysis suggested improved metabolic capabilities in these animals, especially within the ileal microbiota. Higher ileal isobutyric acid concentrations were also found in low RFI pigs. Overall, the differences observed within the intestinal microbiota of low RFI pigs compared with that of their high RFI counterparts, albeit relatively subtle, suggest a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and FE in pigs.IMPORTANCE This study is one of the first to show that differences in intestinal microbiota composition, albeit subtle, may partly explain improved feed efficiency (FE) in low residual feed intake (RFI) pigs. One of the main findings is that, although microbial diversity did not differ among animals of varying FE, specific intestinal microbes could potentially be linked with porcine FE. However, as the factors impacting FE are still not fully understood, intestinal microbiota composition may not be a major factor determining differences in FE. Nonetheless, this work has provided a potential set of microbial biomarkers for FE in pigs. Although culturability could be a limiting factor and intervention studies are required, these taxa could potentially be targeted in the future to manipulate the intestinal microbiome so as to improve

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Exploring a Possible Link between the Intestinal Microbiota and Feed Efficiency in Pigs

McCormack

Curião

Buzoianu

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

253

208

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…After the vaginal delivery and before suckling the colostrum, the piglets in a litter from one sow of one breed were split into two groups (half were moved to the fostering sow of another breed and half remaining with the sow), according to their equal average body weights and balanced sexes. Furthermore, an earlier study found no effects of sex on the fecal microbiome at day 20 before weaning in piglets (34). Therefore, sex was not a confounding variable for the piglets in the present study.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 39%

Differential Effects of Breed and Nursing on Early-Life Colonic Microbiota and Immune Status as Revealed in a Cross-Fostering Piglet Model

Bian

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Nursing mother and breed can differently regulate early-life microbiota succession in pigs. However, it remains unclear whether they affect gastrointestinal microbiota and immune status, which are critical for early-life gut health. Here, an interspecific cross-fostering piglet model was employed by fostering neonatal Yorkshire and Meishan piglets to the same or another breed of sows. Jejunal and colonic microbiotas and mucosal immune parameters were analyzed at postnatal days 14 (preweaning) and 49 (postweaning). Nursing mother affected 10 genera in the colon and 3 minor genera in the jejunum. At day 14, Meishan sow-nursed piglets had lower Streptococcus suis and higher Cloacibacillus counts in the colonic digesta and larger amounts of interleukin 10 and Foxp3-positive cells in the colonic mucosa than did Yorkshire sow-nursed piglets. At day 49, nursing mother had no significant effects on cytokine expression. Breed effects were observed; Meishan piglets had lower relative abundances of Prevotella and lower gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) than those of Yorkshire piglets at days 14 and 49. Collectively, nursing mother mainly affected preweaning colonic microbiota and immune status, while breed effects persisted after weaning. Piglets nursed by Meishan sows had different microbiota compositions and inflammatory cytokine profiles in the colon compared with those of piglets nursed by Yorkshire sows. These results highlight the different role of nursing mother and breed in affecting early gut microenvironment. IMPORTANCE Early-life gut microbiota and immune status are pivotal for postnatal growth. By using an interspecific cross-fostering piglet model, we find that change in nursing mother transiently reshapes preweaning colon microbiota and immune status, while breed shows persistent effects both pre- and postweaning. Piglets nursed by Meishan sows had lower Streptococcus suis counts and higher anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. These results highlight the significance of nursing mother in regulating early-life gut health.

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“…Cho, Hwang, and Park () reported a positive correlation between phenol, indole, iso‐butyric acid, and iso‐valeric acid and Atopostipes , p‐cresol, and skatole with Bacteroides in pig manure. Skatole content in swine manure was also found to be related to Bacteroidetes , Clostridium , and Oscillibacter (Zhou et al., ). Candidatus Arthromitus species are classified in Lachnospiraceae from Clostridiales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oscillibacter (Zhou et al, 2015). Candidatus Arthromitus species are classified in Lachnospiraceae from Clostridiales.…”

Section: The Correlation Between Intestinal Skatole Production and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variations in intestinal skatole production and microbial composition in broilers

Yang

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2019

Animal Science Journal

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Spatial variations in intestinal skatole production and microbial composition in broilers were evaluated. Fifteen 42‐day‐old broilers were slaughtered. Samples were taken from the broilers’ ileum, cecum, and rectum and analyzed for skatole levels. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique was used to analyze the microbial community from the intestinal digesta. The skatole levels could be arranged in decreasing order: cecum > rectum > ileum. Cecal lactate and acetate levels were higher than those of ileum and rectum (p < 0.01). Cecal microbial diversity and richness were higher than those of ileum (p < 0.05). One specific DGGE band was found in cecal sample and is closely related to Bacteroides uniformis. Cecum and rectum samples consisted of three coexistence bands, the related bacteria included Lactobacillus vaginalis and two members of Candidatus Arthromitus. The total bacterial population in cecum was higher than that in ileum and rectum (p < 0.05). Skatole levels were positively correlated with microbial Shannon‐Wiener index, richness, total bacteria (p < 0.01) and Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium (p < 0.05) populations. These results suggest that the variations in fermentation patterns are more likely to explain differences in intestinal skatole level. Bacteroides uniformis may play a role in the production of skatole.

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How host gender affects the bacterial community in pig feces and its correlation to skatole production

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Exploring a Possible Link between the Intestinal Microbiota and Feed Efficiency in Pigs

Exploring a Possible Link between the Intestinal Microbiota and Feed Efficiency in Pigs

Differential Effects of Breed and Nursing on Early-Life Colonic Microbiota and Immune Status as Revealed in a Cross-Fostering Piglet Model

Spatial variations in intestinal skatole production and microbial composition in broilers

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