How Gut Microbiota Are Shaped by Pattern Recognition Receptors in Colitis and Colorectal Cancer

Qing, Furong; Xie, Tao; Xie, Lu; Guo, T.F.; Liu, Zhiping

doi:10.3390/cancers14153821

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The latest estimates of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) revealed 2.17 million cases and 1.09 million deaths in one year due to colorectal cancer [ 88 ]. Previous research has already shown that the intestinal microbiome could have an indispensable role in the development of this prevalent malignancy [ 89 ]; in addition, studies have revealed that an altered fungal network could be a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma [ 19 ]. Although these findings do not have concrete clinical implications at the moment, this should be recognized as a potentially compounding factor in disease development.…”

Section: Candida Albicans In the Context Of Gastrointestinal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Putative Role of Candida albicans in Promoting Cancer Development: A Current State of Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms

et al. 2023

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Candida albicans is a commensal fungal species that commonly colonizes the human body, but it is also a pervasive opportunistic pathogen in patients with malignant diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that this fungus is not only coincidental in oncology patients, but may also play an active role in the development of cancer. More specifically, several studies have investigated the potential association between C. albicans and various types of cancer, including oral, esophageal, and colorectal cancer, with a possible role of this species in skin cancer as well. The proposed mechanisms include the production of carcinogenic metabolites, modulation of the immune response, changes in cell morphology, microbiome alterations, biofilm production, the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways, and the induction of chronic inflammation. These mechanisms may act together or independently to promote cancer development. Although more research is needed to fully grasp the potential role of C. albicans in carcinogenesis, the available evidence suggests that this species may be an active contributor and underscores the importance of considering the impact of the human microbiome on cancer pathogenesis. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the current state of evidence and offer some insights into proposed mechanisms.

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Section: Candida Albicans In the Context Of Gastrointestinal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Putative Role of Candida albicans in Promoting Cancer Development: A Current State of Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms

et al. 2023

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“…The antipathogenic response by epithelial and immune cells is mediated by the recognition PAMPs or DAMPs (e.g., lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and dsDNA) through diverse PRRs (96). From the various PRRs, increasing evidence shows that STING plays a central role in modulating and maintaining intestinal homeostasis (97)(98)(99)(100). Whole-body STING knockout (Sting -/-) mice displayed alterations in the mucosa and intestinal microbiota when compared to WT mice, while no obvious weight loss and length of the colon were observed (left panel in Figure 2).…”

Section: The Cgas-sting Pathway In Intestinal Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

cGAS-STING signaling pathway in intestinal homeostasis and diseases

Yang,

Wang,

Peugnet-González

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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The intestinal mucosa is constantly exposed to commensal microbes, opportunistic pathogens, toxins, luminal components and other environmental stimuli. The intestinal mucosa consists of multiple differentiated cellular and extracellular components that form a critical barrier, but is also equipped for efficient absorption of nutrients. Combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are known as critical components involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases. The innate immune system plays a critical role in the recognition and elimination of potential threats by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). This host defense is facilitated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), in which the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway has gained attention due to its role in sensing host and foreign double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) as well as cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) produced by bacteria. Upon binding with dsDNA, cGAS converts ATP and GTP to cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which binds to STING and activates TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), inducing type I interferon (IFN) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines, which have diverse effects on innate and adaptive immune cells and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). However, opposite perspectives exist regarding the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in different intestinal diseases. Activation of cGAS-STING signaling is associated with worse clinical outcomes in inflammation-associated diseases, while it also plays a critical role in protection against tumorigenesis and certain infections. Therefore, understanding the context-dependent mechanisms of the cGAS-STING pathway in the physiopathology of the intestinal mucosa is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies targeting the cGAS-STING pathway. This review aims to provide insight into recent findings of the protective and detrimental roles of the cGAS-STING pathway in intestinal diseases.

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“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world and the second most common cause of cancer-related death ( Siegel et al, 2021 , 2022 ). It is well known that gut microbiota play critical roles in CRC development ( Qing et al, 2022 ). Through intestinal microbiota biodiversity analysis, a study showed that fungal dysbiosis and altered fungal network might play an important role in the pathogenesis of CRC ( Gao et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Candida Albicans Infection May Promote the Developm...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The research progress in the interaction between Candida albicans and cancers

Liu

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus, which tends to infect the host with defective immune function including cancer patients. A growing number of studies have shown that C. albicans infection increases the host susceptibility to cancer such as oral, gastric, and colorectal cancer. Cancer and anti-cancer treatment may also affect the colonization of C. albicans. C. albicans may promote the development of cancer by damaging mucosal epithelium, inducing the production of carcinogens, triggering chronic inflammation including Th17 cell-mediated immune response. In this article, we aim to elaborate the interaction between C. albicans and cancers development and summarize the potential molecular mechanisms, so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancers.

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How Gut Microbiota Are Shaped by Pattern Recognition Receptors in Colitis and Colorectal Cancer

Cited by 6 publications

References 84 publications

A Putative Role of Candida albicans in Promoting Cancer Development: A Current State of Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms

A Putative Role of Candida albicans in Promoting Cancer Development: A Current State of Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms

cGAS-STING signaling pathway in intestinal homeostasis and diseases

The research progress in the interaction between Candida albicans and cancers

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