How Genetics Can Drive Initial Therapy Choices for Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Moore, Jozal W.; Torres, Nancy; Superdock, Michael; Mendler, Jason H.; Loh, Kah Poh

doi:10.1007/s11864-022-00991-z

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…High heterogeneity in clinicobiological features such as genetic aberrations and clinical outcomes among patients with hematologic cancers has led to the realization that treatment strategies tailored to the individual patient are needed to improve disease management. Genomic strategies do to some extent guide treatment decisions [ 36 , 37 ], but further precision is required to avoid ineffective therapies [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized assays to monitor drug sensitivity in hematologic cancers

Ayuda-Durán,

Hermansen,

Giliberto

et al. 2023

Cell Death Discov.

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The principle of drug sensitivity testing is to expose cancer cells to a library of different drugs and measure its effects on cell viability. Recent technological advances, continuous approval of targeted therapies, and improved cell culture protocols have enhanced the precision and clinical relevance of such screens. Indeed, drug sensitivity testing has proven diagnostically valuable for patients with advanced hematologic cancers. However, different cell types behave differently in culture and therefore require optimized drug screening protocols to ensure that their ex vivo drug sensitivity accurately reflects in vivo drug responses. For example, primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM) cells require unique microenvironmental stimuli to survive in culture, while this is less the case for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Here, we present our optimized and validated protocols for culturing and drug screening of primary cells from AML, CLL, and MM patients, and a generic protocol for cell line models. We also discuss drug library designs, reproducibility, and quality controls. We envision that these protocols may serve as community guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays to monitor drug sensitivity in hematologic cancers and thus contribute to standardization. The read-outs may provide insight into tumor biology, identify or confirm treatment resistance and sensitivity in real time, and ultimately guide clinical decision-making.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized assays to monitor drug sensitivity in hematologic cancers

Ayuda-Durán,

Hermansen,

Giliberto

et al. 2023

Cell Death Discov.

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“…AML is a prevalent form of leukemia and tends to have a higher incidence in older adults (4). Approximately 80% of new cases occur in individuals aged 60 and above (5), and among different types of leukemia, AML has the highest mortality rate. It is estimated that in 2020, there were 19,940 new cases of AML diagnosed in the United States, with 11,180 resulting in death (6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, national, and regional burden of acute myeloid leukemia among 60–89 years-old individuals: insights from a study covering the period 1990 to 2019

Chen,

Liu,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundOur study examined the global, national, and regional trends in the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with older people’s acute myeloid leukemia (AML) over a 30 years period. AML, which predominantly affects individuals aged 60–89, is known for its severity and unfavorable prognosis. By providing insights into the growing burden of AML, our research highlights the urgent need for effective interventions and support at various levels.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed older people with AML aged 60–89 using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database for 2019. Our goal was to assess trends and characteristics by examining the incidence rate, mortality rate, DALYs, and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). We aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease’s trajectory and development.ResultsIn 2019, the older age group of 60 to 89 years reported 61,559 new cases of AML, with the corresponding number of deaths being 53,620, and the estimated DALYs standing at 990,656. Over the last 30 years, the incidence rate of AML in this age bracket increased by 1.67 per 100,000 people, the mortality rate rose by 1.57 per 100,000 people, and the rate of DALYs, indicative of disease burden, climbed by 1.42 per 100,000 people. High Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions, particularly high-income North America and Australia, had the highest incidence rates. Germany had the highest incidence rate among the 204 countries analyzed, while Monaco reported the highest mortality and DALY rates. Smoking, high body mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, and formaldehyde were identified as significant risk factors associated with mortality from older people with AML in 2019.ConclusionOur study showed that the incidence, mortality, and DALY rates of AML in the older population were strongly correlated with the SDI, and these rates have been steadily increasing. This had become an increasingly serious global health issue, particularly in areas with a high SDI. We highlighted the urgency to focus more on this disease and called for the prompt implementation of appropriate preventive and control measures.

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