“…Some previous studies of medical research have found a gender disparity in terms of the numbers of applications received from male and female PIs [24, 26, 27, 30], the amounts awarded [24, 25], and the success rate [24]. Success rate was related to seniority [24, 26, 30, 31] and qualifications [25, 32] of the applicants, which were both associated with gender [24, 25, 27, 33, 34]. However, a large meta-analysis considering gender differences in peer review of grant applications across a range of disciplines [35], and a later study [36], found no gender differences.…”