How Fast Is Europe Getting Old? Analysis of Dynamics Applying the Spatial Shift–Share Approach

Abstract

In this article, we analyzed the dynamics of the population aging process in Europe. The study was conducted on the basis of statistical data on the number of people aged 65 and above per 1000 of the population in 32 European countries in the years 1991–2018. The analyses also took into account the structure of the population by gender in five age groups: 65–69, 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, and 85 and above. An extensive analysis of the rate of changes in the magnitude of the phenomenon was carried out, which gave an answer to the question about how quickly Europe is aging. We applied the spatial dynamic shift–share method. The spatial variant of the method allowed, among others, indicating countries where the pace of population aging in a specific age group was faster/slower than in locations neighboring the examined country. Specific regions characterized by the fastest population aging were also indicated, and shares of structural and sectoral factors of the changes were estimated. Furthermore, based on the values of local competitiveness indicators, regions were identified where the aging of the population decelerated or accelerated the phenomenon in neighboring countries in the study period.

Classical and Dynamic Shift-Share Cost Analysis for the Construction Sector in the European Union

“…As a result of the calculations, there is determined the relative change in the phenomenon in a region, diminished by the constant global change, the so-called net effect (Antczak and Lewandowska-Gwarda, 2019). This effect is the sum of structural and geographical changes in the region, whereas the very equation itself is known as the structural-geographical (shift-share) equality (Suchecki and Antczak, 2010).…”

Green Investment Changes in China: A Shift-Share Analysis

“…Originally, SSA was intended to analyze regional industrial development based on employment [ 24 ], but now SSA has been widely applied in many new fields, including the environmental and energy fields, such as the development of financial inclusion [ 32 ], development of cooperative societies [ 33 ], rural economic development [ 34 ], dynamics of the population ageing process [ 35 ], etc. In the field of environment and energy, SSA involved two main types of applications.…”

El envejecimiento demográfico de las áreas urbanas españolas (2002–2017)

“…Por otro lado, la transformación de España en país de inmigración desde los años noventa del siglo XX y, especialmente, el fuerte incremento en los saldos migratorios positivos producido entre 2000 y 2008 tuvo un efecto rejuvenecedor, gracias a que se trataba de personas jóvenes y en edad de tener descendencia. Este influjo positivo de la inmigración no es exclusivo de un país, sino que se ha documentado en otros muchos contextos (Lewandowska-Gwarda & Antczak, 2020), en particular en los países europeos más desarrollados (Antczak & Lewandowska-Gwarda, 2019). Dentro de ese ámbito, en España fue especialmente relevante y contribuyó de forma decisiva a que a lo largo del período 2002-2017 el ritmo de envejecimiento poblacional haya sido inferior al de la media de los países europeos (EUROSTAT, 2020).…”