How fast do marine invertebrates burrow?

Gingras, Murray K.; Pemberton, S. George; Dashtgard, Shahin E.; Dafoe, Lynn T.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.07.015

Cited by 58 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Thus, it is possible that the Ohesaare Skolithos burrows may represent a similar behavior in a freshly deposited bed of carbonate sand. GINGRAS et al (2008) found that low densities of suspension-feeding animals are 1-10 individuals/m 2 . In case of high densities of interface-feeding (i.e., switching between deposit and suspension feeding) Corophium (a marginal-marine arthropod) commonly exceed 40,000 individuals/ m 2 , and Euzonus, a depositfeeding opheliid polychaete is reported to reside in populations exceeding 5,000 individuals/m 2 (GINGRAS et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

An event bed with abundant Skolithos burrows from the late Pridoli (Silurian) of Saaremaa (Estonia)

Vinn¹,

Wilson²

2013

Carnets géol.

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Abundant Skolithos burrows are here described from a possible regressive event bed at Ohesaare cliff (Pridoli), Saaremaa, Estonia. The vertical, cylindrical burrows are identified as Skolithos rather than Trypanites because they intercept and bypass rather than cut bioclasts in the limestone matrix. The absence of encrustation on the upper bedding surface also is evidence that these traces are soft-sediment burrows rather than hardground borings. We interpret this intensive bioturbation by Skolithos-producing organisms as an indicator of a shallow water paleoenvironment with high hydrodynamic energy.Key Words: Trace fossils; Skolithos; shallow shelf; late Silurian; Baltica. Résumé : Un banc remarquable par ses skolithes dans le Pridoli supérieur (Silurien) de Saaremaa (Estonie).-D'abondants terriers de type Skolithos sont décrits dans une strate remarquable, bathydécroissante, identifiée dans la falaise de Ohesaare (Pridoli) à Saaremaa (Estonie). Ces terriers cylindriques et verticaux sont attribués à Skolithos plutôt qu'à Trypanites, car quand ils rencontrent de gros bioclastes dans la matrice calcaire du banc ils ont pris l'option de les contourner plutôt que de les traverser. L'absence d'encroûtement à la surface sommitale du banc est une preuve supplémentaire que ces traces correspondent à des terriers dans un sédiment meuble plutôt qu'à des perforations dans un fond durci. Nous interprétons cette intense bioturbation par les organismes produisant des skolithes comme une des caractéristiques d'un paléoenvironnement de faible bathymétrie à hydrodynamisme élevé.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

An event bed with abundant Skolithos burrows from the late Pridoli (Silurian) of Saaremaa (Estonia)

Vinn¹,

Wilson²

2013

Carnets géol.

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“…In this we follow previous workers that used X-rays to image burrowing invertebrates (Howard, 1968;Charboneau et al, 1997;Gingras et al, 2008), fish (Gidmark et al, 2011), and lizards (Maladen et al, 2009). For footprints, however, our goal was to visualize and quantify motion of not only the organism, but also of the sediment itself.…”

Section: Advantages Of a Biplanar X-ray Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biplanar X-ray method for three-dimensional analysis of track formation

Ellis

Gatesy

2013

Palaeontologia Electronica

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Ellis, Richard G. and Gatesy, Stephen M. 2013. A biplanar X-ray method for three-dimensional analysis of track formation, Palaeontologia Electronica Vol. 16, Issue 1; 1T, 16p; palaeo-electronica.org/content/2013/371-x-ray-track-analysis A biplanar X-ray method for three-dimensional analysis of track formation Richard G. Ellis and Stephen M. Gatesy ABSTRACTTracks arise through a complex interplay between animal and substrate. Studying this dynamic process is challenging because most foot-sediment and sediment-sediment interactions are rapid and hidden from view. Herein, we describe a new method for visualizing and quantifying three-dimensional movements of both a morphologically accurate indenter and realistic sediment during track formation. Our method uses biplanar X-ray imaging and an animation-based workflow to reconstruct the trajectories of metal beads seeded throughout the sediment volume. X-rays allow sub-surface motion normally concealed by the foot and opaque matrix to be analyzed at 30 frames per second with sub-millimeter resolution. Results from two case studies of tridactyl tracks in semi-liquid mud provide novel, animated visualizations, examples of ensemble and particle-specific data, as well as measures of precision and accuracy. This methodology has the potential to mechanistically link specific track morphologies to foot movement, clarify undertrack formation, validate computational models, and set a new standard for evidence-based reconstruction of locomotion from fossil footprints.

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“…Worms, however, may digest material at a rate of 0 . 75 mm each year if hypothetically located at a plan spacing of 1 m (Gingras et al, 2008). It is therefore plausible that, over the sediment's lifetime, worms are biologically engineering all material settling on the seabed into robust pellets.…”

Section: Mechanical Processing By Marine Wormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemical processes and geotechnical applications: progress, opportunities and challenges

DeJong¹,

Soga²,

Kavazanjian³

et al. 2014

Bio- And Chemo-Mechanical Processes in Geotechnical Engineering

117

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Consideration of soil as a living ecosystem offers the potential for innovative and sustainable solutions to geotechnical problems. This is a new paradigm for many in geotechnical engineering. Realising the potential of this paradigm requires a multidisciplinary approach that embraces biology and geochemistry to develop techniques for beneficial ground modification. This paper assesses the progress, opportunities, and challenges in this emerging field. Biomediated geochemical processes, which consist of a geochemical reaction regulated by subsurface microbiology, currently being explored include mineral precipitation, gas generation, biofilm formation and biopolymer generation. For each of these processes, subsurface microbial processes are employed to create an environment conducive to the desired geochemical reactions among the minerals, organic matter, pore fluids, and gases that constitute soil. Geotechnical applications currently being explored include cementation of sands to enhance bearing capacity and liquefaction resistance, sequestration of carbon, soil erosion control, groundwater flow control, and remediation of soil and groundwater impacted by metals and radionuclides. Challenges in biomediated ground modification include upscaling processes from the laboratory to the field, in situ monitoring of reactions, reaction products and properties, developing integrated biogeochemical and geotechnical models, management of treatment by-products, establishing the durability and longevity/reversibility of the process, and education of engineers and researchers.

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How fast do marine invertebrates burrow?

Cited by 58 publications

References 13 publications

An event bed with abundant Skolithos burrows from the late Pridoli (Silurian) of Saaremaa (Estonia)

An event bed with abundant Skolithos burrows from the late Pridoli (Silurian) of Saaremaa (Estonia)

A biplanar X-ray method for three-dimensional analysis of track formation

Biogeochemical processes and geotechnical applications: progress, opportunities and challenges

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