How Epistemic Modifiers Emerge

Maché, Jakob

doi:10.1515/9783110411027

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The issue of wide scope of negation and tense, as well as the occurrence in questions and in relation to information structure, have also been discussed with respect to other epistemic modals, especially modal verbs (cf. Lyons 1977, for German Öhlschläger 1989 and the survey in Maché 2019).…”

Section: Background Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Certainly but not certain: The expression of subjective and objective probability

Yatsushiro

Trinh

Żygis

et al. 2022

Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics

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This paper investigates the interpretation of the epistemic modal adjectives possible, certain and their adverbial counterparts possibly, certainly, taking the perspective that the former express objective modality, whereas the latter express subjective modality. In support of this view, we report on two experiments that assess speakers’ acceptance of possible, certain, possibly, certainly in different contexts. Our results extend those of Lassiter (2016) in demonstrating a difference in interpretation between the adjectival and adverbial modals, with possibly less acceptable than possible but conversely certainly more acceptable than certain in the same situations. Furthermore, the results of our experiments suggest a new insight, namely that these differences depend, to some extent, on the probability of the eventuality in question and polarity of the prejacent sentence.

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Section: Background Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Certainly but not certain: The expression of subjective and objective probability

Yatsushiro

Trinh

Żygis

et al. 2022

Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics

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“…In the grammaticalization of reportative sollen, this meaning evolved into 'being the recipient of an utterance with factual value assigned by an unspecified speaker'. Maché (2019) does not explicitly discuss the conventionalization of reportative sollen, but highlights a broader trend in which epistemic verbs emerge from circumstantial modal verbs (Maché 2019: 540-541). According to Maché (2019: 533-534), who argues for a unified analysis of epistemic and reportative modality, reportative sollen is an epistemic verb.…”

Section: Diachrony Of Sollen and Corpus Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth noting that Maché (2019) does not provide historical examples of such a bridging context. To the best of my knowledge, the earliest historical instances of reportative sollen found in the literature do not present a clear-cut choice between deontic and reportative interpretations.…”

Section: Diachrony Of Sollen and Corpus Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reportatives sollen in historischen deutschen Zeitungen (1660–1954)

Assenzi

2023

SGG

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This study conducts a quantitative analysis of reportative sollen in historical German newspapers (1660–1954). The study shows that, throughout the investigated period, the conditions triggering the possible readings of sollen remained stable and are linked to the presence of an information source either in the nearer or broader context of sollen. Additionally, the study highlights a steady decrease in sollen under impersonal speech report predicates. This could suggest that sollen evolved into a reportative marker by taking on the reportative function formerly expressed by its superordinate (impersonal) reporting clause. Further investigations of sollen are needed to prove this hypothesis.

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Chapter 7. Layers of subordinate clauses

Angantýsson

Jędrzejowski

2023

Studies in Language Companion Series

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The main aim of this chapter is to examine adverbial causal af-því-að-clauses in modern Icelandic. Semantically, we argue that af-því-að-clauses can be interpreted as eventuality-related, as evidential or as speech-act-related causal clauses. Syntactically, we show that af-því-að-clauses can be analyzed as central, peripheral or disintegrated adverbial clauses in the sense claimed by Haegeman (2010, 2012), Schönenberger and Haegeman (this volume), and Frey (2011, 2012, 2016). Based on Krifka (to appear) and Frey (2020, to appear, this volume), we assume af-því-að-clauses to be assertive clauses attaching – depending on their interpretation – as Tense Phrase, Judge Phrase or Act Phrase adjuncts. Essentially, we take interpretative differences to follow from the distinct attachment heights. Main arguments for this three part division are based on binding data, embeddability, movement restrictions, and clausal anaphora.

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How Epistemic Modifiers Emerge

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Certainly but not certain: The expression of subjective and objective probability

Certainly but not certain: The expression of subjective and objective probability

Reportatives sollen in historischen deutschen Zeitungen (1660–1954)

Chapter 7. Layers of subordinate clauses

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