How emotional expressions shape prosocial behavior: Interpersonal effects of anger and disappointment on compliance with requests

Doorn, Evert A. van; Kleef, Gerben A. van; Pligt, J. van der

doi:10.1007/s11031-014-9421-6

Cited by 50 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, the expression of disappointment did increase self-reported intentions to help the expresser. This finding is in line with research on prosocial behavior (Van Doorn et al, 2015) and negotiation (Van Kleef et al, 2006; Lelieveld et al, 2013), which also yielded evidence that expressions of disappointment can elicit cooperative behavior. Whether disappointment reliably yields a social appraisal that someone should be helped, however, is a question for further research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Deriving meaning from others’ emotions: attribution, appraisal, and the use of emotions as social information

2015

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Emotional expressions constitute a rich source of information. Integrating theorizing on attribution, appraisal processes, and the use of emotions as social information, we examined how emotional expressions influence attributions of agency and responsibility under conditions of ambiguity. Three vignette studies involving different scenarios indicate that participants used information about others’ emotional expressions to make sense of ambiguous social situations. Expressions of regret fueled inferences that the expresser was responsible for an adverse situation, whereas expressions of anger fueled inferences that someone else was responsible. Also, expressions of anger were interpreted as a sign of injustice, and expressions of disappointment increased prosocial intentions (i.e., to help the expresser). The results show that emotional expressions can help people understand ambiguous social situations by informing attributions that correspond with each emotion’s associated appraisal structures. The findings advance understanding of the ways in which emotional expressions help individuals understand and coordinate social life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Deriving meaning from others’ emotions: attribution, appraisal, and the use of emotions as social information

2015

Self Cite

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“…Based on literature regarding "display rules" (Von Salisch & Vogelgesang, 2005) and on previous findings (E. A. Van Doorn et al, 2015;Yip & Schweinsberg, 2017), we theorized that anger expression is generally considered inappropriate in a political news context, making effective persuasion less likely and leading to negative perceptions of the sender. The results partly confirmed these expectations, suggesting that a negative effect is possible, but likely contingent on receivers' a priori attitudes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, participants in this study perceived anger as inappropriate, which reduced compliance (E. A. Van Doorn, van Kleef, & van der Pligt, ). Another set of studies found similar results: In a negotiation context, anger expression was perceived as inappropriate, and angry negotiators were perceived as selfish, leading to lower willingness to cooperate (Yip & Schweinsberg, ).…”

Section: Anger Expressionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…As mentioned in the introduction, several studies have found negative effects of anger expression in situations of social influence (E. A. Van Doorn et al, ; Yip & Schweinsberg, ), but two previous studies found evidence suggesting that anger can be persuasive in some circumstances (Van Kleef et al, Study 4 and 5). In Experiment 2, anger expression was deemed inappropriate by those with positive attitudes towards the EU, but appropriate by those with negative attitudes towards the EU.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Different Sides: Investigating the Persuasive Effects of Anger Expression in Political News Messages

Riet

Schaap

Kleemans

et al. 2018

Political Psychology

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Anger expression is increasingly prevalent in political news messages. However, the persuasive effects of expressing anger in a political context have received scant attention from researchers. We conducted two experiments to investigate the hypothesis that anger expression is detrimental to persuasion because it runs counter to well‐established social norms for the polite expression of opinions. We created political news messages including a persuasive appeal by a politician that was supported either with an expression of anger or with an expression of nonemotional disagreement. The results of Experiment 1 (N = 120) showed that anger messages were perceived as less appropriate than control messages, and that politicians expressing anger were perceived as less likable and less competent than politicians who disagreed in nonemotional terms. In Experiment 2 (N = 1,005), the negative effects of anger expression on perceived likability and competence were replicated. Also in line with Experiment 1, anger messages were perceived as less appropriate, but this time only for those with negative a priori attitudes toward the advocated position. In contrast, those with positive a priori positions toward the advocated position perceived anger messages as more appropriate than the control messages.

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“…Connected to this, future research would also benefit from capturing data relating to the positive expression of anger as a motivating emotion and the circumstances in which this can be expressed or supressed, along with detail on justifications for anger expression and the actual or perceived benefits of this to those expressing anger (e.g. Averill, 1982;Fitness, 2000;Van Doorn, van Kleef & van der Pligt, 2015;Van Kleef, van den Berg & Heerdink, 2015). reference category).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger expression and suppression at work: causes, characteristics and predictors

Booth

Ireland

Mann

et al. 2017

IJCMA

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The current study aims to explore the causes, characteristics and consequences of workplace anger expression and suppression, with an additional aim of testing the emotional dimension of Affective Events Theory. Design/methodology/approach: Participants (n=187) from management and non-management positions completed an event-contingent anger diary over a period of four working weeks, alongside measures on trait anger and job satisfaction. Findings: Over fifty per cent of the sample disclosed anger causing events. In keeping with Affective Events Theory disposition was important, with trait anger higher in those disclosing anger causing events. There appeared a range of factors predicting the expression of anger, with these focused primarily on individual issues and pre-existing emotion rather than work characteristics. Originality/value: Through consideration of management and non-management workers and by using a longitudinal design, the study highlights the importance of individual factors in understanding workplace anger. It notes the value in focusing on discrete emotion. The findings offers clear direction for future research that could assist with enhancing models of workplace emotion, particularly if the aim is to account for discrete emotions.

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How emotional expressions shape prosocial behavior: Interpersonal effects of anger and disappointment on compliance with requests

Cited by 50 publications

References 78 publications

Deriving meaning from others’ emotions: attribution, appraisal, and the use of emotions as social information

Deriving meaning from others’ emotions: attribution, appraisal, and the use of emotions as social information

On Different Sides: Investigating the Persuasive Effects of Anger Expression in Political News Messages

Anger expression and suppression at work: causes, characteristics and predictors

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