How effective are tidal marshes as nature‐based shoreline protection throughout seasons?

Schoutens, Ken; Heuner, Maike; Minden, Vanessa; Ostermann, Tilla Schulte; Silinski, Alexandra; Belliard, Jean‐Philippe; Temmerman, Stijn

doi:10.1002/lno.11149

Cited by 47 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The 750 m width of the marsh is still sufficient to cope with recession. While direct dampening by stems was not included in this study, this agrees with many observations that most waves break at the edge of the marsh and further dampen decays landward [10,45,46]. According to Möller et al [10], a width of 40 m is sufficient to already reduce 15% of an incoming wave's height.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The attenuation of waves by a marsh is one of the benefits for flood protection. Many studies have found significant wave height reductions within the first 10s of metres of marsh [10,16,[43][44][45]. Waves are dampened further with distance travelled across the marsh.…”

Section: Flood Protection Services By Marshesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies tend to highlight the large reductions achieved with wave heights below 1 m and biomass under peak summer conditions. Field studies have found a strong seasonality in wave attenuation corresponding to seasonal changes in vegetation density [16,45,46]. Vuik [23,47] showed that the capacity of marshes to attenuate waves is hampered by the breaking of stems under high wave loads.…”

Section: Flood Protection Services By Marshesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sensitivity of a Dike-Marsh System to Sea-Level Rise—A Model-Based Exploration

Marijnissen

Kok

Kroeze

et al. 2020

JMSE

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Integrating natural components in flood defence infrastructure can add resilience to sea-level rise. Natural foreshores can keep pace with sea-level rise by accumulating sediment and attenuate waves before reaching the adjacent flood defences. In this study we address how natural foreshores affect the future need for dike heightening. A simplified model of vertical marsh accretion was combined with a wave model and a probabilistic evaluation of dike failure by overtopping. The sensitivity of a marsh-dike system was evaluated in relation to a combination of processes: (1) sea-level rise, (2) changes in sediment concentration, (3) a retreat of the marsh edge, and (4) compaction of the marsh. Results indicate that foreshore processes considerably affect the need for dike heightening in the future. At a low sea-level rise rate, the marshes can accrete such that dike heightening is partially mitigated. But with sea-level rise accelerating, a threshold is reached where dike heightening needs to compensate for the loss of marshes, and for increasing water levels. The level of the threshold depends mostly on the delivery of sediment and degree of compaction on the marsh; with sufficient width of the marsh, lateral erosion only has a minor effect. The study shows how processes and practices that hamper or enhance marsh development today exacerbate or alleviate the challenge of flood protection posed by accelerated sea-level rise.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Flood Protection Services By Marshesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flood Protection Services By Marshesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sensitivity of a Dike-Marsh System to Sea-Level Rise—A Model-Based Exploration

Marijnissen

Kok

Kroeze

et al. 2020

JMSE

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“…The most significant issues in coastal dune management are related to the mitigation of negative impacts during and consequences after unusual storms and floods with different origins [8]. The holistic approach of integrated coastal zone management recommends nature-based mitigation strategies based on the replacement of artificial coastal protection and stabilization structures with dunes stabilized with plants [12,14]. Natural dune vegetation reduces wind velocity, and with its extensive system of horizontal and vertical rhizomes, holds a large amounts of trapped sand that absorbs wave energy [9,[15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the coastal areas lose their buffering function permanently or till the recovery of plant communities of dominant sand stabilizers, mostly within one vegetation season (Figure 1b). dunes stabilized with plants [12,14]. Natural dune vegetation reduces wind velocity, and with its extensive system of horizontal and vertical rhizomes, holds a large amounts of trapped sand that absorbs wave energy [9,[15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tall Wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum): Flood Resilience, Growth Response to Sea Water Immersion, and Its Capacity for Erosion and Flooding Control of Coastal Areas

Vergiev

2019

Environments

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Integrated coastal zone management proposes nature-based mitigation strategies based on the replacement of artificial coastal stabilization and protection structures with dunes stabilized with plant species. These psammophytes stabilize sands and act as supporters, increasing dunes’ ability to reduce storm damages and effectively minimize erosion with minimal negative impacts to natural ecosystems. That is why searching for native salt-tolerant plants with extensive root systems and studying their capacity for erosion and flooding control is fundamental to the practice of ecologically-sound ecosystem services. The aim of the present study is to define the effects of flooding stress on a number of wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) plant life aspects (survival ability, viability, and growth response) in order to determine wheatgrass’s capacity as dune stabilizer. Conducted experiments established that T. ponticum was very tolerant to immersion impact and salt and oxygen deficiency stress, and its rhizomes were able to regenerate after 30 days in seawater. The temporal expression of its survival is presented as critical decomposition time (CDT) by linking the maximum duration of floods along the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and the resilience of tall wheatgrass in flooding simulations. A statistical analysis of the experimental data demonstrated that immersion in sea water increases rhizome viability, biomass, and allocation to root biomass, whereas other factors, such as the duration of immersion, salinity, and temperatures of sea water have no significant effect. According to flood resilience and growth response to sea water submergence, T. ponticum demonstrated high potential to be a dune stabilizer.

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Resistance of salt marsh substrates to near‐instantaneous hydrodynamic forcing

Brooks

Möller

Carr

et al. 2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Salt marshes deliver vital ecosystem services by providing habitats, storing pollutants and atmospheric carbon, and reducing flood and erosion risk in the coastal hinterland. Net losses in salt marsh areas, both modelled globally and measured regionally, are therefore of concern. Amongst other controls, the persistence of salt marshes in any one location depends on the ability of their substrates to resist hydrodynamic forcing at the marsh front, along creek margins and on the vegetated surface. Where relative sea level is rising, marsh elevation must keep pace with sea‐level rise and landward expansion may be required to compensate for areal loss at exposed margins. This paper reviews current understanding of marsh substrate resistance to the near‐instantaneous (seconds to hours) forcing induced by hydrodynamic processes. It outlines how variability in substrate properties may affect marsh substrate stability, explores current understanding of the interactions between substrate properties and erosion processes, and how the cumulative impact of these interactions may affect marsh stability over annual to decadal timescales. Whilst important advances have been made in understanding how specific soil properties affect near‐instantaneous marsh substrate stability, less is known about how these properties interact and alter bulk substrate resistance to hydrodynamic forcing. Future research requires a more systematic approach to quantifying biological and sedimentological marsh substrate properties. These properties must then be linked to specific observable erosion processes, particularly at the marsh front and along creek banks. A better understanding of the intrinsic dynamics and processes acting on, and within, salt marsh substrates will facilitate improved prediction of marsh evolution under future hydrodynamic forcing scenarios. Notwithstanding the additional complications that arise from morphodynamic feedbacks, this would allow us to more accurately model the future potential protection from flooding and erosion afforded by marshes, while also increasing the effectiveness of salt marsh restoration and recreation schemes. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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How effective are tidal marshes as nature‐based shoreline protection throughout seasons?

Cited by 47 publications

References 54 publications

The Sensitivity of a Dike-Marsh System to Sea-Level Rise—A Model-Based Exploration

The Sensitivity of a Dike-Marsh System to Sea-Level Rise—A Model-Based Exploration

Tall Wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum): Flood Resilience, Growth Response to Sea Water Immersion, and Its Capacity for Erosion and Flooding Control of Coastal Areas

Resistance of salt marsh substrates to near‐instantaneous hydrodynamic forcing

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