How education, income, control over life and life style contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease among adults in a post-communist country

Stelmach, Włodzimierz; Kaczmarczyk-Chałas, Krystyna; Bielecki, Wojciech; Drygas, Wojciech

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2004.09.006

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The link of education and work qualification with the occurrence of MS has been documented in various countries. [32][33][34][35][36][37] However, as for the single cardiovascular RFs, these studies have been usually performed either in young and middle-aged populations, or among active workers. We observed that the level of education and current or previous employment was associated with the prevalence of MS also among elderly persons, mostly retired or who had never worked, in a general context of a low social status.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Risk In Elderly Outpatients T Marotta Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of cardiovascular risk profile in an elderly population of low social level: the ICON (Improving Cardiovascular risk profile in Older Neapolitans) study

et al. 2006

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Older age and low socio-economic conditions are associated with poor control of cardiovascular risk factors (RFs). We assessed the prevalence and awareness of cardiovascular RFs in 503 elderly outpatients of low social status attending two public Internal Medicine clinics in Naples, and studied the interaction of education and employment level with risk profile. The therapeutic intervention was oriented to improve patients' motivation through a positive patient-physician relationship, in keeping with the current guidelines for hypertension. The effect of treatment was evaluated by comparing retrospectively the level of cardiovascular RFs at baseline and at the last follow-up examination performed within 31 October 2005. Only 33.3% of patients (age ¼ 6876 years) had attended primary school. Overall (current or previous) employment level was also low. Obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemias were present in most patients, diabetes in 17.3% of them. In all 8.0% of hypertensives, 16.1% of diabetics and 24.7% of dyslipidaemics were unaware of their diseases. Cardiovascular risk profile was worse at lower educational and employment levels. Odds ratios for the metabolic syndrome were 0.28 (95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 0.15-0.52) and 0.35 (0.20-0.62) in the most qualified of three education and employment groups, respectively, compared to the lowest ones. The level of all cardiovascular RFs was effectively reduced during treatment. Control rate of most RFs improved significantly (for hypertension, from 12.8 to 36.5%, Po0.001). These patients had a high prevalence of cardiovascular RFs, which correlated with their educational and work activity levels. Awareness of their health status was unsatisfactory. Treatment, specifically addressing patient-physician relationship, favourably affected cardiovascular risk profile.

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Section: Cardiovascular Risk In Elderly Outpatients T Marotta Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of cardiovascular risk profile in an elderly population of low social level: the ICON (Improving Cardiovascular risk profile in Older Neapolitans) study

et al. 2006

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“…Such poor adherence to recommended guidelines may be a function of a deficiency in a level of awareness of CVD preventive methods. Several studies indicated that improvement in awareness of CVD risk factors and prevention may be prerequisite for adopting healthy lifestyle behaviours (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of Cardiovascular Prevention Methods among Residents of Post-Communist Polish Provinces with Highest Mortality Rates

Pikala

Kaleta²,

Bielecki³

et al. 2011

Cent Eur J Public Health

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SUMMARYAim: The aim of the study was to estimate the awareness of healthy lifestyle behaviours in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevention and to find out possible determinants of this knowledge among adult residents of Polish provinces with the highest CVD mortality rates.Material and methods: A cross-sectional analysis of randomly selected representative sample of 2,211 (51.9% women) aged 20-74 years from Łódź and Lublin voivodeships participating in the National Polish Health Survey WOBASZ. Knowledge on CVD prevention, sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood pressure, anthropometrics, plasma lipids and glucose were measured according to the WHO MONICA protocol.Results: Approximately 68% of participants, had poor awareness of preventive methods and majority of them were not able to name any specific approach. Most often mentioned method of CVD prevention was relaxing/avoiding stress (51.2%). The least known healthy behaviour was a reduction of salt intake and adequate fruit/vegetables consumption, mentioned by 18.2% and 23%, respectively. About 16.4% of women and 23% of men with risk factors of CVD were not aware of any non-pharmacological preventive method. Poor knowledge of CVD prevention was significantly more prevalent among persons aged ≥65 years, with elementary education level, lower income, living in the rural settings, declaring poor self-rated health. Dietary and physical activity advice given by a primary care physician was significantly related to better knowledge among men with CVD risk factors.Conclusions: There is a need to focus on increasing educational level in this regions, especially in rural settings. Due to important role of primary care physicians in health education, more attention should be paid to individuals with CVD risk factors as their preventive knowledge level is very low and comparable to the level of low-risk individuals.

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“…Whereas much is known about the prevalence of single risk factors and their association with metabolic risk (8,9,10,11), the literature on the relationship between multiple lifestyle-related factors and MS is scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Behaviours, Lifestyle Patterns and Sociodemographic Determinants of the Metabolic Syndrome

Kwaśniewska¹,

Kaleta²,

Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk³

et al. 2009

Cent Eur J Public Health

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SUMMARYAim: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of healthy behaviours, lifestyle patterns and sociodemographic factors on risk of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in adult residents of rural, small town and large urban areas in Poland.Material and methods: Cross-sectional analysis of randomly selected representative sample of 1,187 men and women aged 20-74 years participating in the nationwide health survey WOBASZ. Metabolic syndrome was defined by AHA/NCEP criteria (2005). Analysed healthy behaviours included nonsmoking, healthy weight, adequate fruits and vegetables consumption, regular leisure-time physical activity. The 4 lifestyle factors were summed to create a lifestyle index (range 0-4).Results: Regardless of gender healthy weight, adequate fruits and vegetables consumption and physical activity were associated with lower odds of MS. Non-smoking was significantly related to the lower odds ratio of MS only among men. Following all 4 lifestyle factors was the strongest protective factor against having MS. Being higher educated, in the 20-34 years old cohort, living in the rural area were the most important sociodemographic factors reducing risk of MS.Conclusions: The obtained results support the need for effective promotion of healthy behaviors and lifestyle patterns, especially in demonstrated high-risk sub-populations. Due to important differences in metabolic risk between various sociodemographic groups, health promotion interventions should be specific in respect to the targeted subpopulations.

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How education, income, control over life and life style contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease among adults in a post-communist country

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Improvement of cardiovascular risk profile in an elderly population of low social level: the ICON (Improving Cardiovascular risk profile in Older Neapolitans) study

Improvement of cardiovascular risk profile in an elderly population of low social level: the ICON (Improving Cardiovascular risk profile in Older Neapolitans) study

Awareness of Cardiovascular Prevention Methods among Residents of Post-Communist Polish Provinces with Highest Mortality Rates

Healthy Behaviours, Lifestyle Patterns and Sociodemographic Determinants of the Metabolic Syndrome

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