How does violence exposure affect the psychological health and parenting of young African-American mothers?

Mitchell, Stephanie; Lewin, Amy; Horn, Ivor B.; Valentine, Dawn; Sanders-Phillips, Kathy; Joseph, Jill G.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.048

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Our study does not answer the question of how violence affects healthcare utilization, but it is proposed to disrupt caregiver coping strategies and erode decision-making competencies. 20 Research in traumaexposed populations shows that low-income urban caregivers often lack adequate resources to cope with traumatic experiences, leaving them vulnerable to depressive symptoms 39 and difficulties in fulfilling caregiving activities such as attending to their child's needs. 40 Caregivers who experience chronic exposure to traumatic events are at even greater risk for decreased parental effectiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Community Violence and Protective Factors on Asthma Morbidity and Healthcare Utilization in High-Risk Children

et al. 2014

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We examined the longitudinal effects of community risk and protective factors on asthma morbidity and healthcare utilization. Three hundred urban caregivers of children with poorly controlled asthma were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of a behavioral/educational intervention and completed measures of exposure to community violence (ECV), social cohesion (SC), informal social control (ISC), child asthma control, child asthma symptom days/nights, and healthcare utilization. Latent growth curve modeling examined the direct and interaction effects of ECV, SC, and ISC on the asthma outcomes over 12 months. Caregivers were primarily the biological mother (92 %), single (70 %), and poor (50 % earned less than $10,000). Children were African American (96 %) and young (mean age=5.5 years, SD=2.2). ECV at baseline was high, with 24.7 % of caregivers reporting more than two exposures to violence in the previous 6 months (M=1.45, SD=1.61). Caregiver ECV-predicted asthma-related healthcare utilization at baseline (b=0.19, SE= 0.07, p=0.003) and 2 months (b=0.12, s.e.=0.05, p=0.04). ISC and SC moderated the effect of ECV on healthcare utilization. Our findings suggest that multifaceted interventions that include strategies to curb violence and foster feelings of cohesion among low-income urban residents may be needed to reduce asthma-related emergency services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Community Violence and Protective Factors on Asthma Morbidity and Healthcare Utilization in High-Risk Children

et al. 2014

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“…For example, in the presence of poverty and/or absence of social capital, caregivers are more likely to experience psychological distress, mental health concerns, or substance abuse problems, which may impair a caregiver's abilities to parent. The ability to effectively parent can act as a buffer between his or her child and the damaging effects of a violent and unsafe place of residence (Brunette and Dean 2002;Gewirtz et al 2009;Mitchell et al 2010;Weinreb et al 2006). Conversely, caregiver mental health or substance abuse problems can mediate or moderate the association of the pathways between contextual factors and child mental health and exposure to maltreatment (Li et al 2011;Manly et al 2013;Martin et al 2012).…”

Section: Influences Of Community Adversity and Caregiver Well-being Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Adversity and Children’s Mental Health: Moderating Effects of Caregiver Service Utilization and Race on Children’s Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

Briggs

Quinn

Orellana

et al. 2015

Child Adolesc Soc Work J

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This study examined the relationship between community adversity and childhood internalizing and externalizing problems, and whether this relationship is moderated by service utilization and race. The study involved 3225 children ages 2-17, and their caregivers, who participated in the second cohort of the National Survey on Child and Adolescent Well-Being. Bivariate correlation and regression analysis indicate that childhood internalizing problems were correlated with sex and community adversity. Children externalizing problems were correlated with race, sex, service utilization, and community adversity. Childhood internalizing and externalizing problems were highly correlated. Regression analysis reveals a strong relationship between community adversity and childhood externalizing problems. Service utilization was found to significantly and positively moderate the relationship between community adversity and externalizing problems. While a strong correlation between race and childhood externalizing problems exist, race did not moderate the relationship between community adversity and externalizing problems. Internalizing problems were excluded from the regression analysis since it did not correlate with any of the moderator variables. The findings are discussed and the study limitations are examined. Implications for child welfare practice, policy, and research are highlighted.

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“…As a potentially chronic source of social stress, day-to-day experiences of ethnic discrimination may negatively influence young, African American mothers' psychological health and parenting behavior (Brody et al, 2008;Mitchell et al, 2010;Simons et al, 2002;Williams, Neighbors, & Jackson, 2003;Williams & Williams-Morris, 2000). For example, Brody et al (2008) found that African American mothers' reports of discrimination were associated with subsequent increases in depressive symptoms, which in turn predicted decreases in competence-promoting parenting.…”

Section: Contextual Stressors Faced By Young African American Mothersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Human and Social Capital Protect Young African American Mothers From Depression Associated With Ethnic Discrimination and Violence Exposure?

Lewin

Mitchell

Rasmussen

et al. 2010

Journal of Black Psychology

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Young minority mothers are particularly vulnerable to depression associated with community-level or contextual stressors such as violence exposure and ethnic discrimination. This study explores whether human and social capital act as buffers of the associations between such stressors and maternal depression. Among a sample of 230 urban, African American mothers, who were teenagers when their preschool-age children were born, both being a victim of violence and experiencing ethnic discrimination predicted increased depressive symptoms, and higher educational attainment predicted fewer symptoms. Ethnic identity moderated the association between witnessed violence and at Stockholm University Library on August 22, 2015 jbp.sagepub.com Downloaded from Lewin et al. 287maternal depression, and community cohesion moderated the association between ethnic discrimination and depression. Social support protected against depressive symptoms associated with witnessed violence but seemingly exac erbated depression associated with victimization. The specific roles that forms of human and social capital play in moderating the effects of contextual stressors suggest the need for nuanced programmatic efforts to reduce maternal depression among young African American mothers living in violence-prone, urban neighborhoods.

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How does violence exposure affect the psychological health and parenting of young African-American mothers?

Cited by 46 publications

References 87 publications

The Influence of Community Violence and Protective Factors on Asthma Morbidity and Healthcare Utilization in High-Risk Children

The Influence of Community Violence and Protective Factors on Asthma Morbidity and Healthcare Utilization in High-Risk Children

Community Adversity and Children’s Mental Health: Moderating Effects of Caregiver Service Utilization and Race on Children’s Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

Do Human and Social Capital Protect Young African American Mothers From Depression Associated With Ethnic Discrimination and Violence Exposure?

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