How does urban form influence PM2.5 concentrations: Insights from 350 different-sized cities in the rapidly urbanizing Yangtze River Delta region of China, 1998–2015

Yu, Tao; Zhang, Zhen; Ou, Wei; Jie, Guo; Pueppke, Steven G.

doi:10.1016/j.cities.2019.102581

Cited by 79 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For instance, although a compact city form can reduce the distance (an therefore the cost) to reach workplace [19], polycentric cities may reduce problems associated with traffic congestion and other agglomeration diseconomies [4]. Furthermore, lower-sized, scattered, polycentric urban forms are generally associated with better air quality and a fewer emission of several pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , CO, SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 ) [20,21]. These partially controversial evidences about pros and cons of compact and polycentric urban development make rather challenging to give universal recommendations for sustainable planning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going toward Resilience? Town Planning, Peri-Urban Landscapes, and the Expansion of Athens, Greece

et al. 2020

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The long-term expansion and the evolution of town planning of a contemporary European metropolis (Athens, Greece) has been analysed in this study in order to evaluate how sustainable urban growth has been taken into account in sequential strategic master plans. During the last decades, the mostly unplanned urban growth and massive housing construction have favoured a slow evolution towards a less compact and mono-centric spatial asset, typical of several Mediterranean cities. Despite efforts to guide urban growth, a series of structural challenges have remained: (i) a gap between planning and implementation; (ii) a gap between spatial planning and socio-economic planning; (iii) a relevant pressure on natural environment; (iv) a lack of participatory planning. In order to face these problems, current strategies for the city of Athens try to foster city resilience providing guidelines for more sustainable management of the built and natural landscape. In particular, the Resilience Strategy for 2030 proposes a list of actions to improve the well-being of citizens and to increase sustainability at the urban and territorial levels. A major role was given to the enhancement of the environmental quality of the metropolitan area and to the involvement of inhabitants in the various phases of decision-making.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going toward Resilience? Town Planning, Peri-Urban Landscapes, and the Expansion of Athens, Greece

et al. 2020

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“…Related studies have found that the PM 2.5 contribution of transportation to average mass concentration can be 25-50% (28)(29)(30), other sources also include industrial activities (including electricity generation, industrial fuels) (31,32), coal burning and biomass combustion for cooking (33), winter heating (34), construction (35), and other specific activities (setting off fireworks & open straw burning) (36,37). Any attempt to statistically evaluate the strength of association between urban elements and PM 2.5 pollution will be complicated by a range of confounding factors (7), thus data screening should be undertaken in studies of daily PM 2.5 concentrations to screen for specific pollution events (11,13,38). Figure 1 shows the distribution of PM 2.5 concentration increase per hour from UTC+7 time zone to UTC+9 time zone 1 http://106.37.208.233:20035/ for a total of 283 cities (Karamay and Urumqi, the only two cities in UTC+6 time zone are not considered) (The detailed average hourly trends of PM 2.5 concentration in each city are shown in Figure S1).…”

Section: Research Design Dependent Variable: Pm 25 Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study of broad-scale estimates of PM 2.5 removal by trees from 10 American cities, substantial health improvements and economic value produced by urban trees have been found ( 4 ). In a comparative study in sample cities in China and United States, the authors pointed out that increasing forest coverage of cities through urban greening and afforestation should be a prioritized strategy to mitigate PM 2.5 pollution, and it was argued, relative to American cities, it was more important for the densely populated and rapidly expanding urban areas in eastern China to increase the intermixing of forest and urban land through polycentric urban development ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Urban Greening on Incremental PM2.5 Concentration During Peak Hours

Wang

Cheng

2020

Front. Public Health

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In China, severe haze is a major public health concern affecting residents' health and well-being. This study used hourly air quality monitoring data from 285 cities in China to analyze the effect of green coverage (GC) and other economic variables on the incremental PM 2.5 concentration (ΔPM 2.5 ) during peak hours. To detect possible non-linear and interaction effect between predictive variables, a kernel-based regularized least squares (KRLS) model was used for empirical analysis. The results show that there was considerable heterogeneity between cities regarding marginal effect of GC on ΔPM 2.5 , which could potentially be explained by different seasons, latitude, urban maintenance expenditure (UE), real GDP per capita (PG), and population density (PD). Also described in this study, in cities with high UE, the growth of GC, PG, and PD always remain a positive impact on mitigation of haze pollution. This shows that government expenditure on urban maintenance can reduce or mitigate the environmental pollution from economic development. In addition, the influence of other urban elements on air quality had also been analyzed so that different combinations of mitigation policies are proposed for different regions in this study to meet the mitigation targets.

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“…Also, urban sprawl as a consequence of human environment affects the natural environment [6]. Sprawled usage of land has impacts on air pollution, destruction of green spaces, reduced social interactions, health problems due to increased traffic jams and unsustainable transport modes [7,8], mental health [9], separation of social levels based on income or economic discrimination [10], unsustainable development, unplanned patterns of growth, CO 2 emission [11,12], and energy consumption [13][14][15][16]. Moving towards sustainability requires a better understanding of urban sprawl in different socioeconomic contexts, since urban sprawl is a particular urban built environment related to the requirements of sustainable development goals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Sprawl, Socioeconomic Features, and Travel Patterns in Middle East Countries: A Case Study in Iran

2020

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The present study aimed to investigate different socioeconomic factors as well as the perceptions and travel behaviors associated with urban sprawl in two cities of different sizes in Iran, as a developing country in the Middle East. Four Weighted Least Squares (WLS) regression models were developed for Hamedan and Nowshahr, as examples of large and small cities in Iran, respectively. The findings showed different correlations related to urban sprawl between Iranian cities and high-income countries in terms of socioeconomic and travel behavior determinants. Urban sprawl around home in Hamedan was positively correlated with the number of cars and driving licenses in households, the use of a private car for trips, and less use of public transport. Urban sprawl around homes in Nowshahr was related to an increased number of cars, the use of private cars for non-commuting trips, less sense of belonging to the neighborhood, and lower income. Additionally, urban sprawl around workplaces was correlated with main daily activity, number of non-commuting trips, mode of choice for non-commuting, and residential location choice in Hamedan a swell as monthly income, daily shopping area, frequency of public transport use, quality of recreational facilities, length of time for living in the current home, and commuting distance in Nowshahr.

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How does urban form influence PM2.5 concentrations: Insights from 350 different-sized cities in the rapidly urbanizing Yangtze River Delta region of China, 1998–2015

Cited by 79 publications

References 36 publications

Going toward Resilience? Town Planning, Peri-Urban Landscapes, and the Expansion of Athens, Greece

Going toward Resilience? Town Planning, Peri-Urban Landscapes, and the Expansion of Athens, Greece

Effect of Urban Greening on Incremental PM2.5 Concentration During Peak Hours

Urban Sprawl, Socioeconomic Features, and Travel Patterns in Middle East Countries: A Case Study in Iran

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