How Does the Super Bowl Affect Host City Tourism?

Heller, Lauren R.; Stephenson, E. Frank

doi:10.1177/1527002520959393

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The authors find larger positive effects for multiday events designed to attract out‐of‐town visitors (e.g., auto races, college basketball tournaments, and a political convention). This is consistent with findings regarding the Super Bowl and NFL regular season games generally increasing hotel rentals, rates, and revenue for host cities over several days (Heller & Stephenson, 2021). The estimates also identify spillover effects within the metropolitan area that impact nonfunding jurisdictions.…”

Section: Evidence From Localized Datasupporting

confidence: 90%

The impact of professional sports franchises and venues on local economies: A comprehensive survey

Bradbury

Coates

Humphreys

2022

Journal of Economic Surveys

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Local governments routinely subsidize sports stadiums and arenas using the justification that hosting professional franchises produces economic development and social benefits in the community. The prevalence of venue subsidies generated an extensive and vibrant research literature, which spans over 30 years and includes more than 130 studies. We chronicle this body of research from early studies of tangible economic impacts in metropolitan areas, using basic empirical methods, through recent analyses that focus on sublocal and nonpecuniary effects and employ more sophisticated empirical methods. Though findings have become more nuanced, recent analyses continue to confirm the decades‐old consensus of very limited economic impacts of professional sports teams and stadiums. Even with added nonpecuniary social benefits from quality‐of‐life externalities and civic pride, welfare improvements from hosting teams tend to fall well short of covering public outlays. Thus, the large subsidies commonly devoted to constructing professional sports venues are not justified as worthwhile public investments. We also investigate the paradox of local governments continuing to subsidize sports facilities despite overwhelming evidence of their economic impotence. Our analysis informs academic researchers and policymakers to motivate future studies and promote sound policy decisions guided by relevant research findings.

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Section: Evidence From Localized Datasupporting

confidence: 90%

The impact of professional sports franchises and venues on local economies: A comprehensive survey

Bradbury

Coates

Humphreys

2022

Journal of Economic Surveys

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“…Theoretical analysis and mathematical statistics are utilized as research methods to carry out thorough and organized research on sports tourism. The research results have covered the impact of the sports tourism economy, society and residents' perception [5][6][7] , the large-scale development of sports tourism events 8,9 , the mass participation of sports tourism and the satisfaction of sports tourism events 10,11 , research on sports tourism nostalgia and marketing [12][13][14][15] ,research on sports tourism heritage 16 . In the research content of sports tourism, the concept of sports tourism is defined, and it is considered that sports tourism is a vacation activity involving sports activities for participants or visitors 17 .…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the coupled and coordinated development of sports and tourism industries and the driving factors

Cheng,

Zhang,

2023

Sci Rep

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The Yellow River Basin has a wealth of tourism resources, a long history of folk sports, and strong legislative support, all of which are advantages for the growth of the sports tourism sector. This study constructs an evaluation index system based on panel data from nine provinces and regions in the Yellow River Basin from 2011 to 2020, and then measures the development index and analyzes the driving factors using the entropy method, coupling coordination degree model, kernel density estimation method, and grey correlation analysis method. The findings demonstrate that (1) the Yellow River Basin's overall level of growth in the sports and tourist sectors exhibits a consistent and upward trend and that Shandong and Henan provinces clearly have an edge over other provinces in terms of development. (2) The geographical development pattern was lower Yellow River > upper Yellow River > middle Yellow River, and the coupling coordination status shifted from slight disorder to good coordination. (3) There is a close connection between sports tourism and variables including population density, financial prowess, and infrastructure growth. The employment population index has the smallest link with invention patent authorization. The macro-policy framework should therefore be strengthened in the future, the sports tourism infrastructure should be improved, and the Yellow River basin's unique sports tourism resources should be fully utilized in order to increase brand influence. In addition, new sports tourism products should be developed in response to market demand and consumer preferences, and enterprise innovation and research and development efforts should be increased in order to achieve high-quality development transformation.

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“…Further, the direct economic impacts are short‐lived. For example, Heller and Stephenson (2021) have investigated the impacts of hosting the Super Bowl and find that the host regions experience increases in room rentals on Super Bowl night and the three nights leading up to the event, but that rentals start to decrease immediately after the event.…”

Section: Backgroundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vive le Tour!? Estimating the place‐based benefits of hosting the Tour de France

Makkonen

Mitze

2023

Journal of Regional Science

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The Tour de France (TdF) is one of the biggest and most recognized annual sporting events in the world. Cities and regions participate actively by hosting a stage start and/or finish, but it is unclear if there are place‐based benefits from such local engagements. We estimate the direct and spatially indirect immediate regional benefits of hosting a TdF stage using monthly tourism data for French départements during 2011–2020. Our static and dynamic panel regressions indicate that hosting a TdF stage leads to significant increases in tourist arrivals and nights spent vis‐à‐vis similar départements not hosting a stage at the same time. Results are found to be robust when we run placebo tests, matching‐based estimation to deal with regional heterogeneity and associated treatment endogeneity as well as spatially augmented estimations to account for interregional spillovers to départements not directly hosting a stage start/finish, for example, to those located along the route of a TdF stage. We use the obtained treatment estimates to discuss the regional economic impact of the TdF and their ramifications for tourism‐based regional development and event management.

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How Does the Super Bowl Affect Host City Tourism?

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

The impact of professional sports franchises and venues on local economies: A comprehensive survey

The impact of professional sports franchises and venues on local economies: A comprehensive survey

Analysis of the coupled and coordinated development of sports and tourism industries and the driving factors

Vive le Tour!? Estimating the place‐based benefits of hosting the Tour de France

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