How Does the North Atlantic SST Pattern Respond to Anthropogenic Aerosols in the 1970s and 2000s?

Fiedler, Stephanie; Putrasahan, Dian

doi:10.1029/2020gl092142

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A nthropogenic aerosol plays a substantial role in determining the influence of human activities on climate 1-3 . Due to their short lifetimes, the spatial pattern of anthropogenic aerosol is highly heterogeneous, and this has been shown to impact the climate through changes in atmospheric circulation 4,5 , tropical precipitation [5][6][7][8] and sea-surface temperature (SST) patterns 6,9,10 , with implications for the transient climate response 11 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong control of effective radiative forcing by the spatial pattern of absorbing aerosol

et al. 2022

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Over the coming decades, it is expected that the spatial pattern of anthropogenic aerosol will change dramatically and the global aerosol composition will become relatively more absorbing. Yet, the climatic impact of this evolving spatial pattern of absorbing aerosol has received relatively little attention, in particular its impact on global-mean effective radiative forcing. Here, using model experiments, we show that the effective radiative forcing from absorbing aerosol varies strongly depending on their location, driven by rapid adjustments of clouds and circulation. Our experiments generate positive effective radiative forcing in response to aerosol absorption throughout the midlatitudes and most of the tropical regions, and a strong ‘hot spot’ of negative effective radiative forcing in response to aerosol absorption over the tropical Western Pacific. Further, these diverse responses can be robustly attributed to changes in atmospheric dynamics and highlight the importance of this ‘aerosol pattern effect’ for transient forcing from regional biomass-burning aerosol.

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confidence: 99%

Strong control of effective radiative forcing by the spatial pattern of absorbing aerosol

et al. 2022

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“…Aerosol forcing increased in the Atlantic sector (North America and Europe) in period I, whereas it shifted to Asia in period II. This shift in the forcing location presumably influenced the trends in the North Atlantic SST and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (Cai et al., 2006; Cowan & Cai, 2013; Fiedler & Putrasahan, 2021; Menary et al., 2020), suggesting that precipitation might also be affected by the shift (Kang et al., 2021). The geographical pattern in the precipitation trend in period II was not a simple reversal of that in period I (Figure S7 in Supporting Information ).…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Interhemispheric Heat Transport and Global Atmospheric Cooling in Multidecadal Trends of Northern Hemisphere Precipitation

Yukimoto

Oshima

Deushi

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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Changes in the hydrological cycle in the northern hemisphere (NH) have a significant socioeconomic impact. Thus, quantifying past changes and projecting future changes in this cycle are important. We analyzed the positive and negative multidecadal trends in the NH mean precipitation since the 1950s that were accurately reproduced by a state‐of‐the‐art Earth system model. Results showed that changes in the interhemispheric heat transport play a major role in the NH atmospheric heat budget, accounting for 59% of the negative‐to‐positive trend change in NH precipitation through a north–south shift in the tropical precipitation zone, and were strongly linked to Hadley circulation anomaly. The remaining 41% corresponded to changes in atmospheric cooling with small interhemispheric differences, which were primarily related to clear‐sky longwave radiation. These findings quantitatively agreed with the results from a multimodel analysis.

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“…If this is the case, then it would reduce the realism of model-simulated links between SPG variability and atmospheric drivers such as teleconnections to Indian Ocean SSTs (e.g. Bushinsky et al 2019) or short-lived climate forcers such as aerosols (Fiedler and Putrasahan 2021). This has relevance for the representation of decadal variability in the NA since, for example, recent modelling evidence shows strong links between Labrador Sea variability and Atlantic thermohaline circulation variability (note that the Labrador Sea is located to the northwest of the SPG region) (Yeager 2020).…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-winter North Atlantic low-level jet latitude biases in climate models: implications for simulated regional atmosphere-ocean linkages

Bracegirdle

Robson

2021

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Climate model biases in the North Atlantic (NA) low-level tropospheric westerly jet are a major impediment to reliably representing variability of the NA climate system and its wider influence, in particular over western Europe. A major aspect of the biases is the occurrence of a prominent early-winter equatorward jet bias in Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models that has implications for NA atmosphere-ocean coupling. Here we assess whether this bias is reduced in the new CMIP6 models and assess implications for model representation of NA atmosphere-ocean linkages, in particular over the sub-polar gyre (SPG) region. Historical simulations from the CMIP5 and CMIP6 model datasets were compared against reanalysis data over the period 1862-2005. The results show that the early-winter equatorward bias remains present in CMIP6 models, although with an approximately one-fifth reduction compared to CMIP5. The equatorward bias is mainly associated with a weaker-than-observed frequency of poleward excursions of the jet to its northern position. A potential explanation is provided through the identification of a strong link between NA jet latitude bias and systematically too-weak model-simulated low-level baroclinicity over eastern North America in early-winter. CMIP models with larger equatorward jet biases exhibit weaker correlation between temporal variability in speed of the jet and sea surface conditions (sea surface temperatures and turbulent heat fluxes) over the SPG. The results imply that the early-winter equatorward bias in jet latitude in CMIP models could partially explain other known biases, such as the weaker-than-observed seasonal-decadal predictability of the NA climate system.

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How Does the North Atlantic SST Pattern Respond to Anthropogenic Aerosols in the 1970s and 2000s?

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Strong control of effective radiative forcing by the spatial pattern of absorbing aerosol

Strong control of effective radiative forcing by the spatial pattern of absorbing aerosol

Role of Interhemispheric Heat Transport and Global Atmospheric Cooling in Multidecadal Trends of Northern Hemisphere Precipitation

Early-winter North Atlantic low-level jet latitude biases in climate models: implications for simulated regional atmosphere-ocean linkages

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