How does the initial configuration of oceanic ridge segments affect their interaction? Insights from analogue models

Tentler, Tatiana; Acocella, Valerio

doi:10.1029/2008jb006269

Cited by 29 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(206 reference statements)

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“…heat diffusion and/or magma supply), segment configuration, and the presence of pre-existing "weak" structures (e.g. Cowie, 1998;Corti et al, 2003;Tentler and Acocella, 2010;Gerya, 2012Gerya, , 2013. Scaled-analogue models of normal fault populations have demonstrated that increases in effective elastic layer thickness result in a dominance of small and widely distributed faults (Ackermann et al, 1997(Ackermann et al, , 2001).…”

Section: Rift-zone-parallel Extension Associated With Normal Fault Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ferrill et al, 1999;Ferrill and Morris, 2001;Koehn et al, 2008Koehn et al, , 2010Morris et al, 2014), scaled analogue models (e.g. Tentler and Acocella, 2010) (see Fig. 1), and numerical simulations (e.g.…”

Section: Rift-zone-parallel Extension Associated With Normal Fault Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1a, b). Using scaled-analogue models, Tentler and Acocella (2010) showed that a large underlap (relative to fracture length) between fracture segments produces elongated relay zones with new linking fractures opening ahead of the tips, striking subparallel to the bounding fractures ( Fig. 1d(i)).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Peacock andSanderson, 1991, 1994;Childs et al, 1995;Long and Imber, 2010), and depending on the degree of overlap and separation of individual segments, may lead to different styles of deformation (e.g. Tentler and Acocella, 2010;Long and Imber, 2011;Childs et al, 2017) ( Fig. 1a, b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1d(v)), linking fractures strike at a lower angle, resulting in a reduction of the local component of bounding fracture-parallel extension and an increase in the fracture-normal component. The model configurations of Tentler and Acocella (2010) represent single stages of propagation and linkage, rather than the full progression. In nature, however, the process should graduate through some or all of these stages, as the bounding structures propagate toward each other and link, subjecting the relay zone to distortions as a function of the changing fault cut-off line lengths associated with slip accumulation (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The mechanical interaction of propagating normal faults is known to influence the linkage geometry of firstorder faults, and the development of second-order faults and fractures, which transfer displacement within relay zones. Here we use natural examples of growth faults from two active volcanic rift zones (Koa'e, island of Hawai'i, and Krafla, northern Iceland) to illustrate the importance of horizontalplane extension (heave) gradients, and associated vertical axis rotations, in evolving continental rift systems. Secondorder extension and extensional-shear faults within the relay zones variably resolve components of regional extension, and components of extension and/or shortening parallel to the rift zone, to accommodate the inherently three-dimensional (3-D) strains associated with relay zone development and rotation. Such a configuration involves volume increase, which is accommodated at the surface by open fractures; in the subsurface this may be accommodated by veins or dikes oriented obliquely and normal to the rift axis. To consider the scalability of the effects of relay zone rotations, we compare the geometry and kinematics of fault and fracture sets in the Koa'e and Krafla rift zones with data from exhumed contemporaneous fault and dike systems developed within a > 5 × 10 4 km 2 relay system that developed during formation of the NE Atlantic margins. Based on the findings presented here we propose a new conceptual model for the evolution of segmented continental rift basins on the NE Atlantic margins.

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Section: Rift-zone-parallel Extension Associated With Normal Fault Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rift-zone-parallel Extension Associated With Normal Fault Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic

et al. 2017

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Incipient seafloor spreading segments: Insights from the Red Sea

Almalki

Betts

Aillères

2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Crustal‐scale forward models of marine satellite potential field data suggest that the Red Sea comprises a single segment of ocean crust, which extends along ~60% of the Red Sea. The segment “tips” are bounded by continental crust, and there is no evidence for transforms at the segment terminations at the south. These observations indicate that ocean crust formation does not necessarily occur in response to wholesale tearing or “unzipping” of continental lithosphere nor is it necessarily controlled by preexisting transform faults. Ocean crust initiation occurs as a series of isolated segments that coalesce as the basin evolves. The recognition of this process in an orthogonal extension setting is comparable to spreading segmentation in modern ocean systems generated at a highly oblique convergent margin, suggesting that oceanic crust segmentation is not controlled by kinematic boundary conditions. The Red Sea may represent a combination of incipient type I and type II passive margins development.

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Propagation and coalescence of en-echelon cracks under a far-field tensile stress regime: An experimental study

2019

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Experiments were carried out to observe the variation in propagation and linkage of parallel en-echelon cracks with varying orientation of the crack array and different relative position of the cracks within the array in an extensional regime. Two-layered analogue model, with a basal layer of pitch overlain by a layer of kaolin paste was used in the experiments. En-echelon cracks were pre-cut within the kaolin layer maintaining specific geometrical parameters of the cracks (e.g., length, centre spacing, separation) in such a manner that there was a weak (though not negligible) local tip-induced stress favouring curvature of adjacent crack tips towards one another. The results obtained were matched with natural pattern of linkage of veins, rift basins and spreading ridges, as described in the relevant literature. The experimental results showed that the final pattern of linkage between the cracks was a result of initial deflection of crack tip from its plane due to combined effect of local and far-field stress. When the deflection of tip from the crack plane was between 0 • to 45 • , a 'tip to wall' linkage took place between adjacent cracks isolating a rhombohedral area in the interaction zone. The resultant structure could be geometrically comparable to a micro-plate-like structure isolated due to linkage of ridge segments initially forming an overlapping spreading centre (OSC). When the deflection of tip from the crack plane was greater than 45 • , a 'tip to tip' linkage between adjacent cracks took place resulting in a structure similar to a transform fault between spreading ridges and or rift basins. When effect of the remote stress opposed the tip induced stress, no linkage took place between the adjacent cracks, and finally the tips propagated straight along a plane perpendicular to the remote extension direction.

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How does the initial configuration of oceanic ridge segments affect their interaction? Insights from analogue models

Cited by 29 publications

References 112 publications

Extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic

Extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic

Incipient seafloor spreading segments: Insights from the Red Sea

Propagation and coalescence of en-echelon cracks under a far-field tensile stress regime: An experimental study

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