How does the extent of central visual field loss affect adaptive gait?

Timmis, Matthew A.; Scarfe, Amy C.; Pardhan, Shahina

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.11.008

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These authors reported that peripheral vision was sufficient for successful obstacle avoidance during locomotion. Moreover, more recently, Timmis et al ( 2016 ) proved, in young adults, the impact of visual field loss (to 10° compared 20°) on risk of falls. They showed that only visual field loss to 20° increased risk of falls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Postural Sway

Chatard

Tepenier

Jankowski

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Purpose: To compare the impact of unilateral vs. bilateral age-related macular degeneration (AMD) on postural sway, and the influence of different visual conditions. The hypothesis of our study was that the impact of AMD will be different between unilateral and bilateral AMD subjects compared to age-matched healthy elderly.Methods: Postural stability was measured with a platform (TechnoConcept®) in 10 elderly unilateral AMD subjects (mean age: 71.1 ± 4.6 years), 10 elderly bilateral AMD subjects (mean age: 70.8 ± 6.1 years), and 10 healthy age-matched control subjects (mean age: 69.8 ± 6.3 years). Four visual conditions were tested: both eyes viewing condition (BEV), dominant eye viewing (DEV), non-dominant eye viewing (NDEV), and eyes closed (EC). We analyzed the surface area, the length, the mean speed, the anteroposterior (AP), and mediolateral (ML) displacement of the center of pressure (CoP).Results: Bilateral AMD subjects had a surface area (p < 0.05) and AP displacement of the CoP (p < 0.01) higher than healthy elderly. Unilateral AMD subjects had more AP displacement of the CoP (p < 0.05) than healthy elderly.Conclusions: We suggest that ADM subjects could have poor postural adaptive mechanisms leading to increase their postural instability. Further studies will aim to improve knowledge on such issue and to develop reeducation techniques in these patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Postural Sway

Chatard

Tepenier

Jankowski

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Previous research has shown that effective and safe travel is possible when a large proportion of time (~40%) is spent fixating at task irrelevant objects [20] and without having to reorientate fixation to directly look at key areas/object of interest. For example, the use of peripheral vision can be effective in safely stepping over an obstacle [21] or up onto a step [22] and when using a mobile phone, navigate whilst cycling [23] driving [24,25] and walking [14,16]. Indeed, Ahlstrom et al [23] highlighted that whilst cycling outdoor and engaging with a phone, individuals had fixations to the phone frequently exceeding 5 seconds and in some instances reaching ~20 seconds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19]). However, previous research has demonstrated that safe travel is still possible when a large proportion of time (~40%) is spent fixating at task irrelevant objects [20] or through relying on peripheral vision (aspect of vision which does not encompass the fovea) to step over an obstacle [21] or step up onto a surface height change [22] and when using a mobile phone, navigate whilst cycling [23] driving [24,25] and walking [14,16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of mobile phone use on where we look and how we walk when negotiating floor based obstacles

et al. 2017

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Pedestrians regularly engage with their mobile phone whilst walking. The current study investigated how mobile phone use affects where people look (visual search behaviour) and how they negotiate a floor based hazard placed along the walking path. Whilst wearing a mobile eye tracker and motion analysis sensors, participants walked up to and negotiated a surface height change whilst writing a text, reading a text, talking on the phone, or without a phone. Differences in gait and visual search behaviour were found when using a mobile phone compared to when not using a phone. Using a phone resulted in looking less frequently and for less time at the surface height change, which led to adaptations in gait by negotiating it in a manner consistent with adopting an increasingly cautious stepping strategy. When using a mobile phone, writing a text whilst walking resulted in the greatest adaptions in gait and visual search behaviour compared to reading a text and talking on a mobile phone. Findings indicate that mobile phone users were able to adapt their visual search behaviour and gait to incorporate mobile phone use in a safe manner when negotiating floor based obstacles.

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“…Instead, they typically glance at the obstacle and the region in front of it two or more steps in advance and then shift their gaze to the regions beyond the obstacle [ 6 , 7 ]. Although peripheral vision plays a role in negotiating obstacles [ 8 – 10 ], the evidence suggests that information from the lower visual field detected by peripheral vision is also used in a feedforward manner. This was demonstrated using goggles that occlude a portion of the lower visual field (lvf) [ 4 , 11 – 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pickup of visual information about size and location during approach to an obstacle

et al. 2018

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The present study investigated differences in the pickup of information about the size and location of an obstacle in the path of locomotion. The main hypothesis was that information about obstacle location is most useful when it is sampled at a specific time during the approach phase, whereas information about obstacle size can be sampled at any point during the last few steps. Subjects approached and stepped over obstacles in a virtual environment viewed through a head-mounted display. In Experiment 1, a horizontal line on the ground indicating obstacle location was visible throughout the trial while information about obstacle height and depth was available only while the subject was passing through a viewing window located at one of four locations along the subject’s path. Subjects exhibited more cautious behavior when the obstacle did not become visible until they were within one step length, but walking behavior was at most weakly affected in the other viewing window conditions. In Experiment 2, the horizontal line indicating obstacle location was removed, such that no information about the obstacle (size or location) was available outside of the viewing window. Subjects adopted a more cautious strategy compared to Experiment 1 and differences between the viewing window conditions and the full vision control condition were observed across several measures. The differences in walking behavior and performance across the two experiments support the hypothesis that walkers have greater flexibility in when they can sample information about obstacle size compared to location. Such flexibility may impact gaze and locomotor control strategies, especially in more complex environments with multiple objects and obstacles.

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How does the extent of central visual field loss affect adaptive gait?

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Postural Sway

Effects of Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Postural Sway

The impact of mobile phone use on where we look and how we walk when negotiating floor based obstacles

The pickup of visual information about size and location during approach to an obstacle

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