How Does SARS-CoV-2 Affect Our Eyes—What Have We Learnt So Far about the Ophthalmic Manifestations of COVID-19?

Baj, Jacek; Forma, Alicja; Teresińska, Barbara; Tyczyńska, Magdalena; Zembala, Julita; Januszewski, Jacek; Flieger, Jolanta; Buszewicz, Grzegorz; Teresiński, Grzegorz

doi:10.3390/jcm11123379

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…While COVID-19 primarily manifests as a respiratory illness, reports of ocular symptoms and complications have emerged [ 2 ]. The exact pathogenesis of how COVID-19 may contribute to orbital cellulitis remains unclear but warrants further investigation [ 2 , 3 ]. It is conceivable that COVID-19-related immunomodulation and inflammation may create a favorable environment for secondary infections such as those seen in our case [ 2 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Acute Dacryocystitis and Orbital Cellulitis With Concurrent COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report

Ghulaysi,

Alhumaid,

Almania

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Acute dacryocystitis and orbital cellulitis are conditions with serious implications, particularly among pediatric patients. The co-occurrence of these conditions in children is rare, and their association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection introduces a unique dimension. We present the case of a five-year-old boy who presented to the pediatric emergency department with left periorbital swelling, erythema, and excessive tearing. He had a history of low-grade fever and rhinorrhea, raising concerns about COVID-19. Upon physical examination, we observed significant periorbital swelling and erythema, accompanied by conjunctival injection and chemosis. The diagnosis encompassed acute dacryocystitis and cellulitis, with subsequent confirmation of COVID-19 through testing. Imaging confirmed the presence of post-septal cellulitis and ethmoid sinus opacification. The patient received intravenous antibiotics, leading to clinical improvement and eventual discharge for outpatient follow-up. This case underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for unusual presentations in pediatric patients. Successful management involved a multidisciplinary approach, emphasizing the significance of promptly initiating antibiotic therapy and adopting conservative measures for nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Acute Dacryocystitis and Orbital Cellulitis With Concurrent COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report

Ghulaysi,

Alhumaid,

Almania

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…The book Ophthalmic Manifestations Of Coronavirus (COVID-19) claims that 2-32% of patients with COVID-19 present ocular symptoms (9). SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect anatomical eye sites such as the anterior and posterior segments, appendages, and nerves, and it can lead to such common symptoms as conjunctivitis and to rare ones such as retinal arteriovenous obstruction, optic neuritis, uveitis, and orbital lesions (10)(11)(12). A meta-analysis of 43 studies with 10,572 participants showed that patients with COVID-19 had a high prevalence of conjunctivitis, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, cotton wool spots, retinal hemorrhages, and retinal vein tortuosity (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular manifestations of COVID-19 infection: A retrospective study

Ju,

Wang,

Xie

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Introduction: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) swept the world rapidly to become the world’s first major public health problem. SARS-CoV-2’s receptors are expressed in multiple tissues throughout the body and can cause multiple organ damage when engaged by the virus. We collected and classified the clinical ocular manifestations of individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic and analyzed them to gain an understanding of the ocular manifestations of COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to collect the demographic characteristics, the SARS-CoV-2 infection signs and symptoms, and specifically, the ocular manifestations of the individuals with COVID-19. We used SPSS for all statistical analyses, to calculate the incidence of COVID-19 ocular manifestations and to analyze the possible associations between those and sex, age, and clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Results: Of the 452 records reviewed, 134 didn’t pass any tests to confirm COVID-19, so this group did not participate in the analysis. Of the remaining 318 reviewed records, 147 (46.2%, n=318) belonged to men and 171 (53.8%, n=318) to women. The most common systemic symptoms were cough, expectoration, chills, fever, and fatigue. In addition, we found women to be more likely than men to experience cough, expectoration, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, hoarseness, low back pain, taste changes, and arthralgia. The overall incidence ofCOVID-19 eye manifestations was 26.7% (n=318) and the most common symptoms were eyeball pain, decreased vision , eye itching or foreign body sensation, and photophobia or tearing. Women were more likely than men to experience eyeball pain and orbital pain. We found sex and the prolonged screen time usage to be associated with COVID-19 ocular manifestations, whereas age, BMI, history of eye disease, basic diseases, types of COVID-19, vaccination status, and vaccination time were not associated with the presence of ocular manifestations. Conclusion: COVID-19 ocular manifestations are common, and the main ones include eyeball pain and decreased vision. The variables associated with eye discomfort are sex and the prolonged screen time usage. Other variables such as age, BMI, underlying diseases, and type of COVID-19 were not associated with the occurrence of ocular symptoms in COVID-19.

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“…Conjunctivitis may be associated with the involvement of the surrounding tissue such as the eyelid margins and cornea in blepharoconjunctivitis and viral keratoconjunctivitis, respectively [4] Figure 1: Eye Flu (Pink Eye) II. CAUSES [5,6,7] Eye flu is an infectious disease; thus, it is important to know its causes. The major causes of eye flu disease are:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Most Opthalmic Viral Disease Conjunctivitivs (Eye Flu)

Kumar,

Sood

et al. 2023

J. Res. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol.

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Ophthalmology clinics around the world see a lot of patients with conjunctivitis. Severe pain, impaired vision, and a painful pupillary reaction are all red flags for more serious intraocular disorders that should be taken into account while treating suspected cases of conjunctivitis. In patients with unusual findings and a chronic course, it is also important to have a complete medical and ocular history and do a comprehensive physical examination. The existence of a systemic ailment affecting the conjunctiva may be shown by concurrent findings on physical exam and pertinent history. The vast majority of cases of conjunctivitis still originate from viruses. Bacterial conjunctivitis is the second most prevalent cause of infectious conjunctivitis; however it is much less common than viral conjunctivitis. Nearly half of the population experiences allergic conjunctivitis, characterised by symptoms like itching, mucoid discharge, chemosis, and edoema of the eyelids. A patient with conjunctival irritation and discharge who has used preservative-containing eye drops regularly likely has toxic conjunctivitis. Timely diagnosis, proper classification of the various aetiologies, and suitable treatment are essential components of effective management of conjunctivitis.

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How Does SARS-CoV-2 Affect Our Eyes—What Have We Learnt So Far about the Ophthalmic Manifestations of COVID-19?

Cited by 6 publications

References 121 publications

Pediatric Acute Dacryocystitis and Orbital Cellulitis With Concurrent COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report

Pediatric Acute Dacryocystitis and Orbital Cellulitis With Concurrent COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report

Ocular manifestations of COVID-19 infection: A retrospective study

A Review on Most Opthalmic Viral Disease Conjunctivitivs (Eye Flu)

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