How does orofacial trauma in children affect the developing dentition? Long‐term treatment and associated complications

Abstract

Each year, millions of children are injured and live with the consequences of those injuries. Through infancy and childhood, orofacial trauma caused by falls or being struck by or against objects occurs in children. The long‐term implications on the developing permanent teeth are little known, even when the oral region is the second most frequently injured body area in children under 6 years of age. During this period, the developing permanent teeth may be directly involved after trauma, causing mild to severe hypoplasia, displacement, damage to the tooth germ, or an extended range of morphofunctional disturbances. In some cases, the effects of oral and dental injuries caused by trauma appear later with the eruption of the permanent incisors when ectopic eruption, malalignments, and other developmental disturbances become visible. Therefore, long‐term follow up of the patient in order to diagnose and treat associated complications becomes essential. Critical points for facing the consequences of orofacial trauma on the developing dentition are to recognize the impact of orofacial trauma in young children and the dentist's role in providing anticipatory guidance to parents and health care professionals, differentiate between mild and severe disturbances affecting the developing permanent teeth after oral injuries in early childhood, recognize the importance of follow‐up controls, and recognize the importance of early referral to a pediatric dentist and orthodontist for diagnosis and treatment planning.

Mouthguard Use Effect on the Biomechanical Response of an Ankylosed Maxillary Central Incisor during a Traumatic Impact: A 3-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

“…During the dental trauma, the majority of injuries involves the anterior teeth and usually affects only the tooth that suffered the impact [6,7]. It is well reported that during a trauma, the biomechanical response from maxillofacial structures involves the enamel, root dentin, periodontal ligament, and surrounding bone at the load dissipation [8].…”

“…In addition, awareness of the importance of mouthguards did not mean its usage by the athletes, except by hockey players [10]. In this sense, the literature is very concise regarding the preventive effect of mouthguard device to reduce the incidence of maxillofacial injuries during contact activities [4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Traumatologie im Milchgebiss – ein Update

“…Das Hauptproblem liegt dabei in der möglichen Schädigung der zweiten Dentition. Vor allem bei Intrusionsund Avulsionsverletzungen kann es zu primären Schädigungen des Zahnkeims kommen [6]. Dabei spielt vor allem der Mineralisationsgrad des Zahnkeims, die Verletzungsart und die Krafteinwirkung für die Prognose eine entscheidende Rolle [7].…”

“…So steigt die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Kronenfehlbildung bei unter 2-Jährigen und Dilazerationen oder Durchbruchstörungen (▶ Abb. 16) bleibender Zähne bei unter 5-Jährigen vor allem nach Intrusions-oder Avulsionsverletzungen [6].…”

Association between Smoking during Pregnancy and Short Root Anomaly in Offspring

“…The tooth morphology of the population of Northeast Asian countries, including Mongolia, Korea, and Japan, is distinct, such as shovel-shaped teeth and smaller R/C ratios [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The etiologic factors of SRA remain largely unknown, but SRA occurs when the root formation is affected by genetic factors [ 10 , 11 ] or environmental factors such as trauma, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”