How does elevated CO<sub>2</sub> or ozone affect the leaf‐area index of soybean when applied independently?

Dermody, Orla; Long, Stephen P.; DeLucia, Evan H.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01565.x

Cited by 121 publications

(140 citation statements)

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“…Final maturity was lengthened 9.5 and 30.6% for cultivars MiniMax and Fiskeby, respectively, in response to CO 2 enrichment. Delayed maturity under elevated CO 2 was consistent with prior results for soybean grown under field conditions (Dermody et al 2006). Lengthening the growth period usually increases total photosynthate formation, which directly contributes to biomass formation and yield (Muchow et al 1990).…”

Section: Discussion Dwarfism and Whole Plant Responses To Co 2 Enrichsupporting

confidence: 88%

Differing responses to carbon dioxide enrichment by a dwarf and a normal-sized soybean cultivar may depend on sink capacity

Sicher¹,

Bunce²,

Matthews³

2010

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2010. Differing responses to carbon dioxide enrichment by a dwarf and a normal-sized soybean cultivar may depend on sink capacity. Can. J. Plant Sci. 90: 257Á264. Responses to CO 2 enrichment were determined for a dwarf (MiniMax) and a normal-sized (Fiskeby) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Plants were grown in growth chambers with ambient (36 Pa) or elevated (98 Pa) CO 2 using a 2 )2 )2 factorial design. Harvests for MiniMax and Fiskeby were increased 6 and 26 d, respectively, by CO 2 enrichment. At final maturity, mean biomass for MiniMax and Fiskeby was 53 and 197 g, respectively, in the ambient CO 2 treatment and these values were 48 and 199% greater, respectively, in response to CO 2 enrichment. Root development was constrained in MiniMax and, unlike Fiskeby, all of the biomass attributed to CO 2 enrichment was in the shoot. Cultivar differences were not detected for CO 2 assimilation rates, stomatal conductance or substomatal CO 2 concentrations. Foliar sucrose was 43% greater (P B0.05) in MiniMax than in Fiskeby. Pods per plant, total seed mass per plant, seed number per plant and seed oil content were greater for Fiskeby than MiniMax. Seeds of Fiskeby were 75% greater by mass than those of MiniMax. Seed mass of Fiskeby increased about 50% in response to CO 2 enrichment, whereas MiniMax was unchanged. Root growth, seed size, seeds per pod and starch accumulation rates for MiniMax were unaffected by CO 2 enrichment. The above findings suggested that growth of the dwarf genotype under elevated CO 2 was sink limited. g, sous atmosphe`re ambiante de CO 2 , contre des valeurs respectivement plus e´leve´es de 48 % et de 199 %, conse´cutivement a`l'enrichissement au CO 2 . À l'inverse de Fiskeby, MiniMax n'a toutefois pas de´veloppe´autant son syste`me racinaire, toute la biomasse issue de l'enrichissement avec du CO 2 se retrouvant dans les pousses. Les cultivars ne pre´sentaient ne´anmoins aucune variation pour le taux d'assimilation du CO 2 , la conductance stomatique et la concentration de CO 2 sousstomatique. Les feuilles de MiniMax renfermaient 43 % plus (PB0,05) de sucrose que celles de Fiskeby. Fiskeby avait plus de gousses par plant, une plus grosse masse de semences par plant, un plus grand nombre de graines par plant et une plus riche teneur en huile par graine que MiniMax. Les semences de Fiskeby avaient une masse de 75 % supe´rieure a`celle des graines de MiniMax. La masse des semences de Fiskeby s'accroıˆt d'environ 50 % conse´cutivement a`l'enrichissement avec le CO 2 , mais celle des graines de MiniMax demeure la meˆme. L'enrichissements au CO 2 n'affecte pas la croissance des semences ni le calibre des graines, le nombre de graines par gousse et le taux d'accumulation de l'amidon chez MiniMax. Ces constatations laissent croire que la croissance du ge´notype nain dans un milieu enrichi de CO 2 est limite´e par le puits de carbone. For personal use only.

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Section: Discussion Dwarfism and Whole Plant Responses To Co 2 Enrichsupporting

confidence: 88%

Differing responses to carbon dioxide enrichment by a dwarf and a normal-sized soybean cultivar may depend on sink capacity

Sicher¹,

Bunce²,

Matthews³

2010

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Furthermore, the greater yield loss might be ascribed to non-limiting growth conditions, especially the high humidity of approximately 80% in chambers. In this case, stomata were wide open allowing a high flux of O 3 into leaves even at low O 3 concentrations, supported by the hypothesis that increasing humidity around the leaf in an enclosure system may increase stomatal opening and O 3 uptake [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Effects of elevated O3 exposure on seed yield, N concentration and photosynthesis of nine soybean cultivars (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Northeast China

et al. 2014

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a b s t r a c tNine soybean cultivars widely cultivated in Northeast China were investigated in present study to assess their O 3 sensitivities on the basis of the response of photosynthesis and seed yield to ambient and future ozone (O 3 ) concentrations, and determine whether the effects of O 3 vary with the developmental stages (flowering and seed filling stages). Relative to charcoal-filtered air (CF), elevated O 3 concentration (E-O 3 , ambient air + 40 ppb) significantly reduced soybean yields by 40%, with a range of 32-46% among cultivars. E-O 3 also induced significant decreases in pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a fluorescence at both flowering and seed filling stages in most cultivars. Except net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance (g s ) at seed filling stage, all variables showed no significant interaction between O 3 and cultivar, suggesting that all tested cultivars had similar sensitivities to O 3 . The responses of seed N content to E-O 3 differed among cultivars. Ambient O 3 concentration (mean of daily concentration of 19 ppb) did not induce any change relative to CF. Significant positive relationship between endogenous g s in CF and yield loss among cultivars was found only at seed filling stage. Positive correlation between effects of E-O 3 on leaf N content and effects on light saturated photosynthetic rate (A sat ) indicated that g s and leaf N content at seed filling stage contributes to yield loss and decreased photosynthesis by E-O 3 , respectively. It can be inferred that E-O 3 had a larger negative effects on seed filling stage than flowering stage of soybean.

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“…Seasonal increases and subsequent declines in leaf N, which were more clearly seen in 2009, are typical for soybean [51], but could alter V c,max@25 . Leaf N remains relatively low in young soybeans, because of a lag between nodule formation just after emergence and active N fixation, after which leaf N increases rapidly to a peak level [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical acclimation, stomatal limitation and precipitation patterns underlie decreases in photosynthetic stimulation of soybean (Glycine max) at elevated [CO2] and temperatures under fully open air field conditions

et al. 2014

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Rosenthala, David M.; Ruiz-Vera, Ursula M.; Siebers, Matthew H.; Gray, Sharon B.; Bernacchi, Carl J.; and Ort, Donald R., "Biochemical acclimation, stomatal limitation and precipitationpatterns underlie decreases in photosynthetic stimulation of soybean(Glycine max) at elevated [CO 2 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Plant Science j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / p l a n t s c i (1) the acclimation of two biochemical parameters that frequently limit photosynthesis (A), the maximum carboxylation capacity of Rubisco (V c,max ) and the maximum potential linear electron flux through photosystem II (J max ), (2) the associated responses of leaf structural and chemical properties related to A, as well as (3) the stomatal limitation (l) imposed on A, for soybean over two growing seasons in a conventionally managed agricultural field in Illinois, USA. Acclimation to elevated [CO 2 ] was consistent over two growing seasons with respect to V c,max and J max . However, elevated temperature significantly decreased J max contributing to lower photosynthetic stimulation by elevated CO 2 . Large seasonal differences in precipitation altered soil moisture availability modulating the complex effects of elevated temperature and CO 2 on biochemical and structural properties related to A. Elevated temperature also reduced the benefit of elevated [CO 2 ] by eliminating decreases in stomatal limitation at elevated [CO 2 ]. These results highlight the critical importance of considering multiple environmental factors (i.e. temperature, moisture, [CO 2 ]) when trying to predict plant productivity in the context of climate change.

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How does elevated CO₂ or ozone affect the leaf‐area index of soybean when applied independently?

Abstract: Summary• Changes in leaf-area index (LAI) may alter ecosystem productivity in elevated [CO 2

Cited by 121 publications

References 57 publications

Differing responses to carbon dioxide enrichment by a dwarf and a normal-sized soybean cultivar may depend on sink capacity

Differing responses to carbon dioxide enrichment by a dwarf and a normal-sized soybean cultivar may depend on sink capacity

Effects of elevated O3 exposure on seed yield, N concentration and photosynthesis of nine soybean cultivars (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Northeast China

Biochemical acclimation, stomatal limitation and precipitation patterns underlie decreases in photosynthetic stimulation of soybean (Glycine max) at elevated [CO2] and temperatures under fully open air field conditions

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How does elevated CO2 or ozone affect the leaf‐area index of soybean when applied independently?

Abstract: Summary• Changes in leaf-area index (LAI) may alter ecosystem productivity in elevated [CO 2

Cited by 121 publications

References 57 publications

Differing responses to carbon dioxide enrichment by a dwarf and a normal-sized soybean cultivar may depend on sink capacity

Differing responses to carbon dioxide enrichment by a dwarf and a normal-sized soybean cultivar may depend on sink capacity

Effects of elevated O3 exposure on seed yield, N concentration and photosynthesis of nine soybean cultivars (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Northeast China

Biochemical acclimation, stomatal limitation and precipitation patterns underlie decreases in photosynthetic stimulation of soybean (Glycine max) at elevated [CO2] and temperatures under fully open air field conditions

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How does elevated CO₂ or ozone affect the leaf‐area index of soybean when applied independently?