How Do We Move Forward with Vaccines in Lung Cancer?

Abstract

Vaccination for non-small cell lung cancer has been studied in several large phase III trials over the past decade. They confirmed excellent tolerability, but could not demonstrate outcome benefits, despite promising earlier phase II randomised studies. MAGE-A3 as Adjuvant Non-Small Cell LunG CanceR ImmunoTherapy (MAGRIT), the largest therapeutic trial ever carried out in lung cancer, with appropriate setting, power and design, answered a long-existing question: therapeutic vaccination with current technologies does not work in lung cancer. The best strategy forward may be combination of neo-epitopes vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors.