How Do Viruses Really Cause Neuropathology?: Is There More to the Story

Hobbs, Jacqueline A.; Waseem, Hena

doi:10.4172/2314-7326.1000228

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Although B19V has been detected in brain tissue by sequencing PCR products, little is known about its in vivo cell tropism and pathogenic potential in the CNS [ 23 , 24 ]. Information about the brain regions where B19V resides and its possible cellular targets is still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in the Post-Mortem Brain Tissue of the Elderly

Skuja

Vilmane

Svirskis

et al. 2018

Viruses

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After primary exposure, the human parvovirus B19 (B19V) genome may remain in the central nervous system (CNS), establishing a lifelong latency. The structural characteristics and functions of the infected cells are essential for the virus to complete its life cycle. Although B19V has been detected in the brain tissue by sequencing PCR products, little is known about its in vivo cell tropism and pathogenic potential in the CNS. To detect B19V and investigate the distribution of its target cells in the CNS, we studied brain autopsies of elderly subjects using molecular virology, and optical and electron microscopy methods. Our study detected B19V in brain tissue samples from both encephalopathy and control groups, suggesting virus persistence within the CNS throughout the host’s lifetime. It appears that within the CNS, the main target of B19V is oligodendrocytes. The greatest number of B19V-positive oligodendrocytes was found in the white matter of the frontal lobe. The number was significantly lower in the gray matter of the frontal lobe (p = 0.008) and the gray and white matter of the temporal lobes (p < 0.0001). The morphological changes observed in the encephalopathy group, propose a possible B19V involvement in the demyelination process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in the Post-Mortem Brain Tissue of the Elderly

Skuja

Vilmane

Svirskis

et al. 2018

Viruses

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show abstract

“…B19V NS1 has been shown to induce apoptosis in permissive and nonpermissive cell types. Thus, NS1-induced cytotoxicity is likely a major mechanism by which B19V could cause cerebral lesions [25,26]. This hypothesis of direct cytotoxicity is supported by the case reports of neonates presenting with cerebral lesions associated with congenital B19V infection and who did not receive any IUT [13,14,19,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Fetal Brain Injury Associated with Parvovirus B19 Congenital Infection Requiring Intrauterine Transfusion

et al. 2018

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Background: Infection with parvovirus B19 (B19V) during pregnancy may cause severe fetal anemia, hydrops, and fe tal death. Furthermore, neurodevelopmental impairment among survivors may occur despite appropriate prenatal management, including intrauterine transfusion (IUT). Objectives: Our primary objective was to describe cerebral lesions on MRI in fetuses with severe anemia requiring IUT for B19V infection. Our secondary objective was to search for clinical and biological characteristics associated with the occurrence of such lesions. Study Design: We performed a retrospective review of data on fetuses infected with B19V and requiring at least one IUT between 2005 and 2016. Fetuses with abnormal cerebral MRI results in the 3rd trimester were compared to those with normal MRI results. Results: Of 34 transfused fetuses, 26 children were born at full term. Five intrauterine fetal deaths, 1 neonatal death, and 2 terminations of pregnancy occurred. Cerebral anomalies were observed in 7/27 fetuses on MRI, including cerebellar hemorrhage or a small cerebellum. Only viral load in fetal blood appeared to be associated with brain lesions (11.5 log₁₀ copies/mL [10.5–12.5] in case of abnormal MRI results vs. 9.5 log₁₀ copies/mL [7.8–10.0]; p = 0.05). Conclusions: Among the fetuses transfused for B19V infection, 26% presented with prenatal abnormal cerebral imaging results. In our study, viral load in fetal blood appeared to be the only factor associated with fetal brain lesions.

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How Do Viruses Really Cause Neuropathology?: Is There More to the Story

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Evidence of Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in the Post-Mortem Brain Tissue of the Elderly

Evidence of Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in the Post-Mortem Brain Tissue of the Elderly

Fetal Brain Injury Associated with Parvovirus B19 Congenital Infection Requiring Intrauterine Transfusion

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