How do stakeholder interactions in Cambodian rice farming villages contribute to a pesticide lock-in?

Flor, Rica Joy; Maat, Harro; Hadi, Buyung; Then, Rathmuny; Kraus, Emily C.; Chhay, Kry

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2019.04.023

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The adoption of IPM is shaped by extensive lobbying, marketing, and wide-ranging manipulation by the agrochemical industry (Goulson 2020). Across the globe, IPM technologies struggle to find fertile ground and flourish in settings where farm advisers are paid (or decision-support tools are designed) by this industry, where farmers annually draw loans from chemical suppliers, or where the only accessible source of pest management information is to be found behind the counter of the pesticide shop (Ehler 2006;Flor et al 2020;Wagner et al 2016;Wyckhuys and O'Neil 2007). Biased information about IPM and pesticide safety thus abounds while the only behavior change that is fervently pursued is the one leading to sustained or enhanced company profits (Murray and Taylor 2000).…”

Section: Vested Interests and Corporate Responsibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated pest management: good intentions, hard realities. A review

Deguine

Aubertot

Flor³

et al. 2021

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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284

104

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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) provides an illustration of how crop protection has (or has not) evolved over the past six decades. Throughout this period, IPM has endeavored to promote sustainable forms of agriculture, pursued sharp reductions in synthetic pesticide use, and thereby resolved myriad socio-economic, environmental, and human health challenges. Global pesticide use has, however, largely continued unabated, with negative implications for farmer livelihoods, biodiversity conservation, and the human right to food. In this review, we examine how IPM has developed over time and assess whether this concept remains suited to present-day challenges. We believe that despite many good intentions, hard realities need to be faced. 1) We identify the following major weaknesses: i) a multitude of IPM definitions that generate unnecessary confusion; ii) inconsistencies between IPM concepts, practice, and policies; iii) insufficient engagement of farmers in IPM technology development and frequent lack of basic understanding of its underlying ecological concepts. 2) By diverting from the fundamental IPM principles, integration of practices has proceeded along serendipitous routes, proven ineffective, and yielded unacceptable outcomes. 3) We show that in the majority of cases, chemical control still remains the basis of plant health programs. 4) Furthermore, IPM research is often lagging, tends to be misguided, and pays insufficient attention to ecology and to the ecological functioning of agroecosystems. 5) Since the 1960s, IPM rules have been twisted, its foundational concepts have degraded and its serious (farm-level) implementation has not advanced. To remedy this, we are proposing Agroecological Crop Protection as a concept that captures how agroecology can be optimally put to the service of crop protection. Agroecological Crop Protection constitutes an interdisciplinary scientific field that comprises an orderly strategy (and clear prioritization) of practices at the field, farm, and agricultural landscape level and a dimension of social and organizational ecology.

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Section: Vested Interests and Corporate Responsibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated pest management: good intentions, hard realities. A review

Deguine

Aubertot

Flor³

et al. 2021

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

Self Cite

284

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Idéntica conclusión obtienen Krott et al (2014) con el sistema de apropiación con beneficios particulares, y proponen un marco analítico para fijar una política forestal en su zona de estudio. Al respecto, Flor et al (2020) corroboran cómo las interacciones entre comunidad e instituciones vinculadas en actividades agrícolas mejoran las condiciones de los RUC.…”

Section: Reglas Sociales Y Confianzaunclassified

Gobernanza y estructuración de acuerdos informales y recursos de uso común en el caso de pequeños productores rurales de la Sabana de Bogotá

2022

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Este artículo se fundamenta en el marco teórico de la tesis doctoral “Modelo de autogestión colectiva y productividad en el sector agrícola de pequeña escala de la Sabana de Bogotá”. Se construye un cuerpo de hipótesis que involucra: a) la sostenibilidad de los recursos de uso común; b) el impacto de estos sobre la productividad; c) los alcances de los acuerdos informales; y d) las relaciones entre estos y el capital social. Esta implementación es probada mediante un mecanismo diseñado con información de encuesta obtenida con los productores de las asociaciones en la zona. El mecanismo se valida a partir de incorporar los costos ocultos derivados del acuerdo de protección a las fuentes hídricas, en este caso cuatro ríos, y los costos factoriales correspondientes. El resultado se prueba mediante componentes principales y se obtiene que los datos usados en el modelo tienen una confiabilidad del 82 %. Esto muestra los alcances y validez de las cuatro hipótesis propuestas y el marco teórico.

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“…Moreover, handling crop pests through IPM is often opposed by a consolidated network of pesticide producers, traders and advisors, creating supply-chain dependencies that are difficult to step away from by farmers, resulting in a situation characterised as pesticide lock-in and a pesticide treadmill (Teng, 1994, Peshin et al, 2009, Schreinemachers et al, 2017. Flor et al, 2020, Deguine et al, 2023). A common lesson from these studies is that successful implementation of IPM requires changes beyond the farm level, creating incentives and rewards for a wider set of stakeholders to support IPM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In places where IPM was successfully introduced, results and best practices in one location often appeared difficult to reproduce elsewhere (van de Fliert et al, 1995, Van den Berg andJiggins, 2007). Moreover, handling crop pests through IPM is often opposed by a consolidated network of pesticide producers, traders and advisors, creating supply-chain dependencies that are difficult to step away from by farmers, resulting in a situation characterised as pesticide lock-in and a pesticide treadmill (Teng, 1994, Peshin et al, 2009, Schreinemachers et al, 2017. Flor et al, 2020, Deguine et al, 2023.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing an ecologically-based pest management approach in Cambodia through adaptive learning networks

et al. 2023

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How can we reach farmers with ecologically-based Integrated Pest Management (IPM) while creating a supportive context for adoption by farmers and relevant stakeholders? We assessed a new method – Adaptive Learning Networks – from reflections of varied stakeholders, farmer diaries and survey data procured in 2016 and 2019. This method is different from current IPM approaches, in that an explicit focus of learning was on engaging other stakeholders to enable adoption by farmers. For example, access to IPM products, providing new services and creating new policies were intrinsically part of the learning process, alongside learning on-farm IPM techniques. The main consideration is to ease farmers from being locked into the practice of pesticide reliance. The method facilitated multi-stakeholder learning that led to an adaptation of the IPM tools and techniques in the case examined. The priority of this new method was socio-technical learning, wherein varied stakeholders modify interactions, incentives and arrangements relating to pest management. Comparing 2016 and 2019 data, there was a significant reduction in insecticide, herbicide, and rodenticide applications. The observed outcomes indicate the potential to enable a wider spread of IPM technologies.

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How do stakeholder interactions in Cambodian rice farming villages contribute to a pesticide lock-in?

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Integrated pest management: good intentions, hard realities. A review

Integrated pest management: good intentions, hard realities. A review

Gobernanza y estructuración de acuerdos informales y recursos de uso común en el caso de pequeños productores rurales de la Sabana de Bogotá

Introducing an ecologically-based pest management approach in Cambodia through adaptive learning networks

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