How Do Prompts for Attempts to Quit Smoking Relate to Method of Quitting and Quit Success?

Ussher, Michael; Brown, Jamie; Rajamanoharan, Abirami; West, Robert A.

doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9545-z

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The findings confirm the results of previous studies evaluating different populations [26, 31-36], which underlined the underutilization of smoking cessation supports [37]. While some data suggest that attempts prompted by health professional advice were not more likely to succeed [38] or lead only to short-term success [39] , previous research showed that the use of assistance is associated with a greater success rate in comparison to no treatment [22, 40] . Accordingly, anti-tobacco campaigns and the increased availability of multiple forms of quit aids is assumed to facilitate the use of assistance and successful quitting [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Unaided Smoking Cessation in Healthy Employees

Manis¹,

Tamm²,

Stolz³

2017

Respiration

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Background: According to guidelines, behavioral and pharmacological assistance should be offered to all smokers willing to quit. However, a large proportion of ex-cigarette smokers are self-quitters. Objectives: To identify characteristics of long-term, unaided self-quitters, as compared to recurrent smokers among health care employees. Methods: University hospital employees (n = 5,218) were addressed through a 17-question questionnaire inquiring about past and current smoking behavior. Questions included daily cigarette consumption, pack-years, previous quit attempts, smoking-free period, and utilization of pharmacological therapies and counseling. Results: 2,574 (49.3%) questionnaires were returned. 791 subjects declared to have successfully quit smoking. A complete data set was available for 763 cases. Patients remained smoking free for a mean period of 11.8 ± 9.7 years. The most common smoking cessation method in these subjects was unaided (77.2%), followed by alternative approaches (15.4%), nicotine replacement therapy (4.5%), counseling (1.7%), and bupropion (1.2%). Smoking cessation was achieved with 1 attempt in 53% of the cases, 2 in 19%, 3 in 13%, and more than 3 attempts in 15%, respectively. On average, 2.4 ± 3.02 attempts led to successful smoking cessation. After 2 or more unsuccessful attempts, the odds ratio for a further unsuccessful smoking cessation was 2.58 (95% CI 1.94–3.45). Conclusion: The majority of the ex-smokers quitted smoking without any behavioral or pharmacological support. The chance to successfully quit smoking without any help in a first or second attempt is considerably high. The risk for smoking recurrence after 2 ineffective quit attempts is markedly increased (OR 2.58).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Unaided Smoking Cessation in Healthy Employees

Manis¹,

Tamm²,

Stolz³

2017

Respiration

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“…This is consistent with most reports that increasing cost is the tobacco control activity that most reliably increases quitting (Resnicow et al, 2014) but contrasts with retrospective surveys that most frequently report health reasons and/or physician advice are the main reasons for quitting (McCaul et al, 2006). The only prior study specifically examining environmental cues asked quitters to retrospectively report which cues contributed to their making a quit attempt (Ussher et al, 2013). Advice from a health care provider and a new or worsened tobacco related symptom were the two most common cues in that study (right hand column, Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do environmental cues prompt attempts to stop smoking? A prospective natural history study

Hughes¹,

Naud²,

Fingar³

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Introduction We prospectively tested whether environmental cues prompts attempts to stop smoking. Methods We recruited 134 smokers who intended to quit in the next 3 months to complete nightly calls to report cues as well as smoking status, intentions to smoke or not on the next day, and quit attempts over 12 weeks. We provided no treatment. Results Participants averaged 6.5 cues/week. The most common cues were embarrassment, cost of cigarettes and messages in the media. The number of cues over a 7-day period predicted the incidence of a quit attempt on the eighth day (e.g. from 1.5% when no cues occurred to 3% when 7 cues occurred during the 7 days). This effect was dose-dependent and was due to both between and within-subject predictors. Five cues predicted quit attempts. A cue that made smokers concerned about the cost of cigarettes appeared to be the strongest cue. Cues on the day prior were not more powerful predictors than more distal cues. Intention to not smoke the next day on the evening prior to the eighth day was a partial mediator of the effect of cues on quit attempts. Retrospective recall of cues was poor. Conclusions Our results suggest the occurrence of cues may be a cause of quit attempts and that programs to increase the frequency of cues may increase quit attempts. Further research should examine whether environmental cues and introspective states (e.g. self-efficacy) interact to prompt quit attempts.

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“…Smokers mostly acknowledge the harm they are doing to themselves and many report that they do not enjoy it – yet they continue to smoke (Fidler & West, 2011; Ussher, Brown, Rajamanoharan, & West, 2014). The reason is that nicotine from cigarettes generates strong urges to smoke that undermine and overwhelm concerns about the negative consequences of smoking, and the resolve not to smoke in those trying to stop (West & Shiffman, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions

West

2017

Psychology & Health

Self Cite

469

327

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Background and objectives: Despite reductions in prevalence in recent years, tobacco smoking remains one of the main preventable causes of ill-health and premature death worldwide. This paper reviews the extent and nature of harms caused by smoking, the benefits of stopping, patterns of smoking, psychological, pharmacological and social factors that contribute to uptake and maintenance of smoking, the effectiveness of population and individual level interventions aimed at combatting tobacco smoking, and the effectiveness of methods used to reduce the harm caused by continued use of tobacco or nicotine in some form. Results and conclusions: Smoking behaviour is maintained primarily by the positive and negative reinforcing properties of nicotine delivered rapidly in a way that is affordable and palatable, with the negative health consequences mostly being sufficiently uncertain and distant in time not to create sufficient immediate concern to deter the behaviour. Raising immediate concerns about smoking by tax increases, social marketing and brief advice from health professionals can increase the rate at which smokers try to stop. Providing behavioural and pharmacological support can improve the rate at which those quit attempts succeed. Implementing national programmes containing these components are effective in reducing tobacco smoking prevalence and reducing smoking-related death and disease.

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How Do Prompts for Attempts to Quit Smoking Relate to Method of Quitting and Quit Success?

Abstract: Quit attempts prompted by health professional advice appear to be more likely to involve gradual reduction and use of treatments. Those prompted by health concerns and cost appear more likely to succeed.

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Unaided Smoking Cessation in Healthy Employees

Unaided Smoking Cessation in Healthy Employees

Do environmental cues prompt attempts to stop smoking? A prospective natural history study

Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions

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