How Do Plants and Phytohormones Accomplish Heterophylly, Leaf Phenotypic Plasticity, in Response to Environmental Cues

Nakayama, Hokuto; Sinha, Neelima; Kimura, Seisuke

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01717

Cited by 60 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, one of the most striking examples of leaf shape plasticity is the heterophylly in aquatic plants. As for many other leaf traits, a change in hormone homeostasis appears to have a central role in activating the switch between leaf morphs ( Nakayama et al, 2017 ). For instance, in Hygrophila difformis and Ranunculus trichophyllus , the decrease in leaf dissection induced by terrestrial conditions is mediated by an increase in ABA signaling, while Ethylene induces the aquatic phenotype ( Li et al, 2017 ; Kim et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Molecular Integration Of Environmental Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the latter case, it can vary within the lifetime of the plant, a process known as heteroblasty, or between environments ( Tsukaya, 2005 ; Zotz et al, 2011 ). Some plants species have, even, evolved the ability to develop completely different leaf types depending on their growing conditions, a phenomenon known as heterophylly ( Nakayama et al, 2017 ). The timing of heteroblastic changes, i.e., heterochrony, can be modified during evolution or as a response to environmental changes ( Chitwood et al, 2012 ; Cartolano et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms Underlying the Environmentally Induced Plasticity of Leaf Morphology

2018

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The primary function of leaves is to provide an interface between plants and their environment for gas exchange, light exposure and thermoregulation. Leaves have, therefore a central contribution to plant fitness by allowing an efficient absorption of sunlight energy through photosynthesis to ensure an optimal growth. Their final geometry will result from a balance between the need to maximize energy uptake while minimizing the damage caused by environmental stresses. This intimate relationship between leaf and its surroundings has led to an enormous diversification in leaf forms. Leaf shape varies between species, populations, individuals or even within identical genotypes when those are subjected to different environmental conditions. For instance, the extent of leaf margin dissection has, for long, been found to inversely correlate with the mean annual temperature, such that Paleobotanists have used models based on leaf shape to predict the paleoclimate from fossil flora. Leaf growth is not only dependent on temperature but is also regulated by many other environmental factors such as light quality and intensity or ambient humidity. This raises the question of how the different signals can be integrated at the molecular level and converted into clear developmental decisions. Several recent studies have started to shed the light on the molecular mechanisms that connect the environmental sensing with organ-growth and patterning. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the influence of different environmental signals on leaf size and shape, their integration as well as their importance for plant adaptation.

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Section: Molecular Integration Of Environmental Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Underlying the Environmentally Induced Plasticity of Leaf Morphology

2018

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“…in the 'quantitative genetic limit'; Turelli & Barton 1994), thus preventing individual phenotypes from responding independently to biotic pressures. Such models cannot easily account for situations where discrete phenotypes exhibit widely different characteristics, such as in the case of polyphenism in insects and birds (Owens & Hartley 1998;Whitman & Agrawal 2009;Simpson et al 2011), heterophylly in plants (Nakayama et al 2017), and induced changes in resource consumption or morphology due to trophic interactions (Wimberger 1994;Agrawal 2001;Schmidt et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic variability promotes diversity and stability in competitive communities

et al. 2019

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Intraspecific variation is at the core of evolutionary theory, and yet, from an ecological perspective, we have few robust expectations for how this variation should affect the dynamics of large communities. Here, by adapting an approach from evolutionary game theory, we show that the incorporation of phenotypic variability into competitive networks dramatically alters the dynamics across ecological timescales, stabilising the systems and buffering the communities against demographic perturbations. The beneficial effects of phenotypic variability are strongest when there are substantial differences among phenotypes and when phenotypes are inherited with moderately high fidelity; yet even low levels of variation lead to significant increases in diversity, stability, and robustness. By identifying a simple and ubiquitous stabilising force in competitive communities, this work contributes to our core understanding of how biological diversity is maintained in natural systems.

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“…Various environmental cues, such as light quality and temperature, play different roles in heterophylly among these species (Wells and Pigliucci, 2000). Although the major hormones gibberellin, abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene are generally involved in the heterophylly among these plants, the roles of these hormones may vary (Wanke, 2011;Nakayama et al, 2017). For example, R. aquatica and H. difformis show the opposite gibberellin responses (Nakayama et al, 2014;Li et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimorphic Leaf Development of the Aquatic Plant Callitriche palustris L. Through Differential Cell Division and Expansion

et al. 2020

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Heterophylly, or phenotypic plasticity in leaf form, is a remarkable feature of amphibious plants. When the shoots of these plants grow underwater, they often develop surprisingly different leaves from those that emerge in air. Among aquatic plants, it is typical for two or more distinct leaf development processes to be observed in the same individual exposed to different environments. Here, we analyze the developmental processes of heterophylly in the amphibious plant Callitriche palustris L. (Plantaginaceae). First, we reliably cultured this species under laboratory conditions and established a laboratory strain. We also established a framework for molecularbased developmental analyses, such as whole-mount in situ hybridization. We observed several developmental features of aerial and submerged leaves, including changes in form, stomata and vein formation, and transition of the meristematic zone. Then we defined developmental stages for C. palustris leaves. We found that in early stages, aerial and submerged leaf primordia had similar forms, but became discriminable through cell divisions with differential direction, and later became highly distinct via extensive cell elongation in submerged leaf primordia.

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How Do Plants and Phytohormones Accomplish Heterophylly, Leaf Phenotypic Plasticity, in Response to Environmental Cues

Cited by 60 publications

References 68 publications

Mechanisms Underlying the Environmentally Induced Plasticity of Leaf Morphology

Mechanisms Underlying the Environmentally Induced Plasticity of Leaf Morphology

Phenotypic variability promotes diversity and stability in competitive communities

Dimorphic Leaf Development of the Aquatic Plant Callitriche palustris L. Through Differential Cell Division and Expansion

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