How do management alternatives of fast‐growing forests affect water quantity and quality in southeastern Brazil? Insights from a paired catchment experiment

Ferraz, Sílvio; Rodrigues, Carolina Bozetti; Garcia, Luís Vicente; Peña-Sierra, Diana Yulieth; Fransozi, Aline Aparecida; Ogasawara, Matheus Eijii Kinchoku; Vasquez, Katherine Vázquez; Moreira, Rildo Moreira e; Cassiano, Carla Cristina

doi:10.1002/hyp.14317

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Again, tree water use in plantations is often seen to decline as they mature, with timing varying greatly between species. For example, work has shown that for eucalypts growing under subtropical conditions, a decline in water use sets in after about five years, whereas for pines it varies between 15 and 25 years [120][121][122]. Similar indications of reduced water use at advanced stages of natural regrowth (>35 years) have been reported under temperate conditions [154][155].…”

Section: Recovery Times For Regaining Hydrological Functioning and Ba...mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…At the other end of the spectrum, the largest decreases in baseflows have been reported after planting fast-growing exotic tree species (often pines or eucalypts) in areas where average rainfall is insufficient to support (evergreen) forest naturally, and grassland or shrubland is the assumed natural baseline vegetation [57,83]. However, there are indications of gradually diminishing tree water use -and therefore partial streamflow recovery -as these planted forests mature [120][121][122], although evidence from the tropics remains particularly sparse [58,123].…”

Section: Conditions Where Flr Decreases or Increases Baseflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As much of the tropical world includes seasonally-dry climates [16,157], it is sensible to avoid high tree water use in forestation in such water-limited areas [137,138], also in view of the seemingly more limited opportunities for boosting baseflows through forestation (as opposed to soil and water conservation measures to promote infiltration [134]) compared to wetter areas (Figure 2). Several precautions would help to limit excessive water use by planted vegetation [121,[158][159][160][161][162]: (a) choosing species judiciously (e.g., native, slow-growing or deciduous rather than exotic, fast-growing evergreen trees); (b) maintaining a mosaic of vegetations of different ages and types; (c) avoiding short rotations, overly dense planting, and coppicing; and (d) optimising tree cover in accordance with prevailing rainfall and soil conditions. In one example, maintaining an intermediate tree density with scattered tree cover in an agroforestry parkland setting in seasonally dry West Africa had notable hydrological benefits [163].…”

Section: Recovery Times For Regaining Hydrological Functioning and Ba...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential for Improved Hydrological Functioning and Stream Baseflows through Forest Landscape Restoration in the Tropics

Bruijnzeel¹,

Peña‐Arancibia²,

Ziegler³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The large areas being targeted for tropical forest restoration as part of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration will have major consequences for the flow of water through landscapes. Whilst the prevailing mantra that ‘more forest implies less streamflow’ remains true in terms of annual water yields, we demonstrate that opportunities for increased tree cover to improve seasonal flow regimes of streams, particularly baseflows, are important. We discuss several potential positive feedbacks of forest restoration on hydrological processes at various scales, including ‘trade-offs’ between changes in vegetation water use and infiltration after foresting degraded land; the recovery of the capacity of vegetation to capture ‘occult’ precipitation in specific coastal and montane settings; and enhanced moisture recycling and transport at various scales. Modelled changes in baseflow after foresting all degraded land climatically capable of carrying forest in the tropics suggested a positive effect in 10% of the land. For an additional 8%, the effect was predicted to be about neutral (<2 mm/y). We conclude that a more positive narrative regarding the relationship between tropical forestation and water availability is justified. It is time for greater involvement of hydrologists and atmospheric scientists in the development and assessment of forest landscape restoration efforts.

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Section: Recovery Times For Regaining Hydrological Functioning and Ba...mentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Conditions Where Flr Decreases or Increases Baseflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recovery Times For Regaining Hydrological Functioning and Ba...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential for Improved Hydrological Functioning and Stream Baseflows through Forest Landscape Restoration in the Tropics

Bruijnzeel¹,

Peña‐Arancibia²,

Ziegler³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…For example, replacing grassland and shrubland with eucalyptus and pine forests in South Africa significantly reduced annual runoff in the succeeding 3-6 years (Scott and Lesch, 1997;Slingsby et al, 2021). In southern Brazil, planting natural forests in the catchment had no significant effect on runoff in the first 2 years (Ferraz et al, 2021), while the planting of eucalyptus forests significantly reduced runoff in the initial 2 years (Iroumé et al, 2021). The Dong Nai River Basin in Vietnam converted natural forests to coffee plantations, significantly increasing surface runoff and reducing underground runoff (Truong et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of climate change and fruit tree expansion on key hydrological components at different spatial scales

Liu²,

Fan³

et al. 2023

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Assessing how fruit tree expansion and climate variability affect hydrological components (e.g., water yield, surface runoff, underground runoff, soil water, evapotranspiration, and infiltration) at different spatial scales is crucial for the management and protection of watersheds, ecosystems, and engineering design. The Jiujushui watershed (259.32 km2), which experienced drastic forest changes over the past decades, was selected to explore the response mechanisms of hydrological components to fruit tree expansion and climate variability at different spatial scales (whole basin and subbasin scale). Specifically, we set up two change scenarios (average temperature increase of 0.5°C and fruit tree area expansion of 18.97%) in the SWAT model by analyzing historical data (1961∼2011). Results showed that climate change reduced water yield, surface runoff, and underground runoff by 6.75, 0.37, and 5.91 mm, respectively. By contrast, the expansion of fruit trees increased surface runoff and water yield by 2.81 and 4.10 mm, respectively, but decreased underground runoff by 1 mm. Interestingly, the sub-basins showed different intensities and directions of response under climate change and fruit tree expansion scenarios. However, the downstream response was overall more robust than the upstream response. These results suggest that there may be significant differences in the hydrological effects of climate change and fruit tree expansion at different spatial scales, thus any land disturbance measures should be carefully considered.

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“…The most common methods for assessing the impact of climate variability and vegetation change on water resources include hydrological models (Ebodé et al, 2022; Yonaba et al, 2021), multivariable statistical methods (Gebremicael et al, 2019a; Shawul et al, 2019), experimental approaches involving paired catchment studies (Cheng et al, 2017; Ferraz et al, 2021) and analytical techniques such as the elasticity concept and Budyko framework (Gbohoui et al, 2021; Hasan et al, 2018; Wamucii et al, 2021). Despite the uncertainties associated with hydrological model outputs, they remain the most widely used method for assessing the impact of climate variability and vegetation change on water resources due to their ability to explain physical processes to some extent (Addor & Melsen, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in climate, vegetation cover and vegetation composition affect runoff generation in the Gulf of Guinea Basin

Nkiaka,

Okafor

2024

Hydrological Processes

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Although considerable effort has been deployed to understand the impact of climate variability and vegetation change on runoff in major basins across Africa, such studies are scarce in the Gulf of Guinea Basin (GGB). This study combines the Budyko framework and elasticity concept along with geospatial data to fill this research gap in 44 nested sub‐basins in the GGB. Annual rainfall from 1982 to 2021 show significant decreasing and increasing trends in the northern and southern parts of the GGB, respectively. Annual potential evapotranspiration (PET) also shows significant increasing trends with higher magnitudes observed in the northern parts of the GGB. Changing trends in climate variables corroborates with shift to arid and wetter conditions in the north and south, respectively. From 2000 to 2020 vegetation cover estimated using enhanced vegetation index (EVI) shows significant increasing trends in all sub‐basins including those experiencing a decline in annual rainfall. Vegetation composition measured using vegetation continuous fields (VCFs) from 2000 to 2020 show an increase in tree canopy cover (TC), a decline in short vegetation cover and marginal changes in bare ground cover (BG). Elasticity coefficients show that a 10% increase in annual rainfall and PET may lead to a 33% increase and 24% decline in runoff, respectively. On the other hand, a 10% increase in EVI may lead to a 4% decline in runoff while a 10% increase in TC, SV and BG may reduce runoff by 4% and increase runoff by 3% and 2%, respectively. Even though changes are marginal, decomposing vegetation into different parameters using EVI and VCFs may lead to different hydrological effects on runoff which is one of the novelties of this study that may be used for implementing nature‐based solutions. The study also demonstrates that freely available geospatial data together with analytical methods are a promising approach for understanding the impact of climate variability and vegetation change on hydrology in data‐scarce regions.

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How do management alternatives of fast‐growing forests affect water quantity and quality in southeastern Brazil? Insights from a paired catchment experiment

Cited by 8 publications

References 88 publications

Potential for Improved Hydrological Functioning and Stream Baseflows through Forest Landscape Restoration in the Tropics

Potential for Improved Hydrological Functioning and Stream Baseflows through Forest Landscape Restoration in the Tropics

Impacts of climate change and fruit tree expansion on key hydrological components at different spatial scales

Changes in climate, vegetation cover and vegetation composition affect runoff generation in the Gulf of Guinea Basin

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