How do foreign direct investment flows affect carbon emissions in BRICS countries? Revisiting the pollution haven hypothesis using bilateral FDI flows from OECD to BRICS countries

Apergis, Nicholas; Pinar, Mehmet; Ünlü, Emre

doi:10.1007/s11356-022-23185-4

Cited by 65 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Wang Yujing(2022) [25] and others show that FDI puts pressure on environmental quality in the long run, supporting the 'pollution sanctuary' hypothesis. Apergis Nicholas(2022) [26] suggest that FDI flows from Denmark and the UK to the BRICS increase carbon emissions in the BRICS, supporting the "pollution sanctuary" hypothesis. Some scholars have pointed out that FDI causes exports, which in turn leads to imports and further increases carbon emissions in the long run (Ritu Rana, 2019 [27];Dagar Vishal, 2022 [28] ).…”

Section: Related Theories 21 the "Pollution Sanctuary" Doctrinementioning

confidence: 95%

Analysis of the Per Capita Carbon Emission Effect of China's OFDI to Countries Along the "Belt and Road"

Peng¹

2023

HBEM

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Under the "Belt and Road" initiative, China adheres to the principle of co-business, construction and sharing, and the exchange and cooperation with countries along the route as well as the economic and trade relations are getting closer and closer, and the OFDI between China and countries along the " Belt and Road" is growing steadily. This paper uses a combination of theoretical research and empirical analysis to study the per capita carbon emission In the theoretical analysis, a theoretical model of carbon emissions and China's OFDI is constructed. In the empirical analysis, firstly, the stock of Chinese OFDI is taken as the core explanatory variable. Then, based on the availability of data, the cross-country data of China's OFDI to 76 countries along the "Belt and Road" from 2009 to 2019 are selected. The relationship between China 's OFDI and carbon emissions was also introduced as control variables. The relationship between China 's OFDI and carbon emissions is analysed empirically through an extended individual time double fixed effects model. The findings of this paper are as follows: (1) the regression coefficient of Chinese direct investment (1) the regression coefficient of Chinese direct investment in the coastal countries is significantly negative, indicating that Chinese OFDI suppresses carbon emissions per capita in the coastal countries; (2) GDP per capita significantly contributes to (2) GDP per capita significantly contributes to the increase of carbon emissions in the coastal countries; (3) the impact of labour force level on carbon (3) the impact of labour force level on carbon dioxide emissions per capita in the coastal countries is significantly negative, i.e. the increase of labour force level can effectively reduce carbon emissions in the coastal countries; (4) The impact of industrial structure on per capita CO2 emissions in the countries along the route is significantly positive. Finally, the policy implications are as follows.

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Section: Related Theories 21 the "Pollution Sanctuary" Doctrinementioning

confidence: 95%

Analysis of the Per Capita Carbon Emission Effect of China's OFDI to Countries Along the "Belt and Road"

Peng¹

2023

HBEM

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“…Concerning the impact of FDI on environmental pollution, the academic community has formed two hypotheses: the pollution haven hypothesis and the pollution halo hypothesis. The former argues that FDI, through introducing a high-pollution industry in the host country, deteriorates the host country’s environmental quality, and the latter argues that FDI can introduce environmentally friendly products and technology to improve environmental quality [ 59 ]. Thus, the impact of FDI on PM 2.5 pollution is uncertain.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Impact of Collaborative Agglomeration of Manufacturing and Producer Services on PM2.5 Pollution: Evidence from Urban Agglomerations in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River in China

Gao

Zhang

Tian

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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In this paper, using panel data of 28 cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2003 to 2020 as the research sample, we built a dynamic spatial Durbin model based on the STIRPAT (stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology) model and conducted an empirical study on the impact of the coordinated agglomeration of manufacturing and producer services on particulate matter (PM) 2.5 pollution. The results show a significant positive spatial spillover effect of PM2.5 pollution in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The coordinated agglomeration of manufacturing and producer services in the urban agglomerations there is conducive to reducing PM2.5 pollution. Similar to the inverted-U curve of the classic environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis, there is a significant inverted-U curve relationship between PM2.5 pollution and economic growth in urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The proportion of coal consumption, the proportion of secondary industry, and the urbanization level are significantly and positively correlated with PM2.5 pollution in urban agglomerations in this area. Technological innovation, environmental regulation, and annual average humidity play an important role in addressing the PM2.5 pollution and spatial spillover effect. Industrial structure and technological innovation are the main ways for the coordinated agglomeration of manufacturing and producer services to affect PM2.5. The research conclusion can be of great practical significance to optimize the regional industrial layout, control PM2.5 pollution, and establish a sustainable development policy system in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in China.

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“…As developing countries are perceived as pollution havens, FDI flows from developed to developing countries may raise CO 2 pollution in developing countries; nevertheless, the movement may enhance management practices and sophisticated technology in developing countries, thereby reducing CO 2 pollution. Similarly, Apergis et al ( 2022 ) contributed to the body of knowledge by assessing the influence of FDI flows on CO 2 pollution in BRICS countries between 1993 and 2012 utilizing bilateral FDI flows from OECD nations. The data demonstrate that FDI flows from Denmark and the UK to BRICS nations enhance CO 2 pollution in BRICS nations, thereby verifying the pollution heaven theory, while France, Germany, and Italy lowered CO 2 pollution in BRICS nations, demonstrating the pollution halo effect.…”

Section: Theoretical Background and Empirical Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And the study of Saint Akadiri et al ( 2020 ) examined the links between GPR–tourism–economic growth in Turkey and discovered that GPR decreases the number of international tourists and economic growth in the country. Using the method of forecast error decomposition, Payne and Apergis ( 2022 ) found that GPR in the USA explains a considerable proportion of the forecast error variance associated with overseas travel and economic policy uncertainty. Ming and Liu ( 2021 ) investigate the impact of GPR on China’s tourism business and suggest that it significantly affects tourism.…”

Section: Theoretical Background and Empirical Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable development goals perspective: nexus between Christians’ religious tourism, geopolitical risk, and CO2 pollution in Italy

Nawaz

Guo

Nawaz

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Travel and tourism support a country’s economy and improve its social outlook. The religious inclination is an important factor influencing tourism and constitutes a significant part of general tourism. Thus, assessing and evaluating its real impacts on a country is crucial. As the world continues to grapple with the effects of environmental degradation, numerous studies have delved into the research between tourism, energy consumption, and pollution emissions. However, the impact of religious tourism on the environment is often overlooked. To bridge this gap, this study explores the relationship between religious tourist arrivals, geopolitical risk, and environmental quality in Italy. By employing ARDL and wavelets coherence analysis on the Italian data from 1997 to 2019, the findings of this study reveal a mitigation effect of religious tourist arrivals and geopolitical risk on CO 2 pollution levels. In contrast, it highlights the significance of foreign direct investment and transportation as significant contributors to CO 2 pollution. In conclusion, the study highlights the crucial role that religious tourism and religious leaders can play in mitigating environmental pollution and the importance of considering this aspect in future environmental studies as well as emphasize the need for Italian authorities to pay close attention to the impact of foreign direct investment and transportation energy consumption on the environment to achieve sustainable development goals.

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How do foreign direct investment flows affect carbon emissions in BRICS countries? Revisiting the pollution haven hypothesis using bilateral FDI flows from OECD to BRICS countries

Cited by 65 publications

References 94 publications

Analysis of the Per Capita Carbon Emission Effect of China's OFDI to Countries Along the "Belt and Road"

Analysis of the Per Capita Carbon Emission Effect of China's OFDI to Countries Along the "Belt and Road"

Study on the Impact of Collaborative Agglomeration of Manufacturing and Producer Services on PM2.5 Pollution: Evidence from Urban Agglomerations in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River in China

Sustainable development goals perspective: nexus between Christians’ religious tourism, geopolitical risk, and CO2 pollution in Italy

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